The effect of aloin in blood glucose and antioxidants in male albino rats with Streptozoticin-induced diabetic

The anti-diabetic effect of aloin was examined in vivo in the current study, similar to the study, which for four weeks examined how aloin affected the blood sugar, insulin, and antioxidant levels in both healthy and diabetic rats generated by streptozotocin. Adult male albino rats were experimentally given a single intraperitoneal injection of 60 mg/kg of streptozotocin to induced diabetes. The in vitro experiment utilized blood samples, and adult male albino rats' kidneys, pancreas and liver were separated. In comparison to control diabetic rats, aloin isolates (30 mg / kg) body weight for 30 days considerably decreased serum glucose and effectively boosted serum insulin levels. Liver and kidney congeners of malondialdehyde (MDA) were substantially decreased while, Catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and Congeners Glutathione (GSH) were significantly boosted as contrasted to diabetic rats after aloin therapy. Moreover, a histological assessment of the pancreas was performed.These results show the promise of aloin at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight for 30 days as an antidiabetic and antioxidant agent

H19 and TUG1 lncRNAs as Novel Biomarkers for Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Diabetic Patients

Introduction: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a gastrointestinal disorder due to enteric nervous system impairment that produces different patterns of digestion. IBS is a common finding in diabetic patients. The functions of lncRNAs in IBS are still not clear and need to be further investigated. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic roles of lncRNA H19 and TUG1 for IBS associated with diabetes and to evaluate their association with clinical and laboratory findings. Subjects and Methods: Samples from 42 diabetic patients, 42 diabetic patients with IBS, and 42 healthy controls were obtained. The LncRNA H19 and TUG1 expressions were measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The patients with IBS had significantly lower levels of lncRNA H19 and TUG1 expression than the healthy controls and diabetic-only patients (p < 0.001). LncRNA H19 and TUG1 can discriminate between diabetic-only patients and those with IBS (areas under the ROC curves of 0.95 and 0.722, respectively). The TUG1 expression levels were significantly different among types of IBS (IBS-D lower than IBS-M and IBS-C lower than IBS-M; p = 0.0165 and p = 0.043, respectively). H19 and TUG1 were downregulated in patients with poor glycemic control. lncRNA H19 and TUG1 expression in diabetic patients with IBS significantly negatively correlated with the IBS severity scoring system. Both lncRNAs’ expression significantly predicted the disease severity. LncRNA H19 expression can be an independent predictor for disease severity (adjusted odds ratio = 0.00001, 95% CI = 0–0.5, p = 0.045). Conclusions: Diabetic patients with IBS had significantly lower levels of lncRNA H19 and TUG1 expression than healthy controls and diabetic-only patients. LncRNA H19 had better diagnostic performance criteria for IBS. LncRNA H19 expression can be an independent predictor for IBS severity

Molecular Bases of β-Thalassemia in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia

β-thalassemia is a group of heterogeneous recessive disorders common in many parts of the world. Al-Qatif and Al-Hassa oases in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia are regions known for high frequency of these disorders. Using two molecular methods, based on multiplexing-amplification refractory system and reverse hybridization principles, the spectrum of β-thalassemia in the region was studied. Sixty-nine subjects with known β-thalassemia disease and volunteers with high hemoglobin A2(HbA2) and low mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were included in this study. Ten mutations were detected in 91% of the subjects under study. Six of these mutations had previously been observed while the other four mutations are reported here for the first time. In addition, four of the mutations accounted for 76.8% of the subjects studied. IVSII-1 (G > A), IVSI-5 (G > A), and codon 39 (C > T) mutations were found to be the most frequent. However, the frequencies of different mutations reported here are slightly different from those reported earlier. A number of these mutations were also found in the neighboring countries, which can be explained in terms of gene flow

Clitoria ternatea extract-loaded chitosan nanoparticles ameliorate diabetes and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

501-515Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the expanding global health problems and is the most common metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia, which significantly contributes to producing reactive oxygen species (ROS). More than 400 plant species with hypoglycemic activity have been mentioned in the literature. Clitoria ternatea (C. ternatea), often called Butterfly pea or Asian pigeonwing, is a plant species member of the Fabaceae family. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the methanolic extract of C. ternatea (CT-Mx)'s and/or chitosan-loaded nanoparticles (CHNPs) antihyperglycemic and antioxidant effects in normal and diabetic rats produced by streptozotocin (STZ). A total of 20 male albino rats had been divided into 4 groups, control non-diabetic (NC), STZ/diabetic control, STZ/diabetic + CT-Mx, and STZ/diabetic + CT-CHNPs groups. After 28 days, levels of insulin, fasting blood glucose (FBG), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation, and mRNA gene expression were assessed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies were performed for pancreatic tissues. In the STZ/diabetic (Gp2) rats, levels of FBG, AST, ALT, and both CDKN1A and TP53 gene expression were significantly increased. Moreover, the hyperglycemia-induced hepatic oxidative state is evidenced by a significant increment of lipid peroxidation and deterioration in SOD and GSH levels. On the contrary, both the STZ/diabetic + CT-Mx and STZ/diabetic + CT-CHNPs showed discernible improvement in diabetes-associated complications; however, STZ/diabetic + CT-CHNPs (Gp4) rats significantly suppressed the generated oxidative stress and improved antioxidant activity, liver function, and insulin secretion. Also, their pancreatic section exhibited architecture with normal regenerative pancreatic endocrine islets with normal distribution and number of beta cells and suppressing inflammatory and apoptotic gene expression compared to Gp2. Nanocarrier agents showed excellent antihyperglycemic and effects after antioxidative, making it a promising technology for diabetics

Toxoplasmosis—Awareness and Knowledge of Pregnant Women in Rural Areas of Malakand Region, Pakistan

Background. The current study was carried out between October 2017 and October 2018 to explore knowledge, attitudes, practices, and information sources regarding toxoplasmosis among pregnant women in Malakand region, the northwestern part of Pakistan. The current study was carried out between October 2017 and October 2018. Methods. A structured questionnaire was used to interview the women after taking verbal informed consent. Graphpad version 5 was used to indicate the differences. Significant was considered as a P-value of less than 0.05. This study revealed poor knowledge regarding toxoplasmosis. Results. Overall, 31.2% of the respondents showed good knowledge, and 39.2% showed moderate knowledge. On the other hand, 29.5% of the participants showed poor knowledge about toxoplasmosis. The average knowledge score of pregnant women was 79±12.2, which is considered to be within the scale of good knowledge. Number of children within the pregnant multipara women was significantly associated with knowledge about toxoplasmosis. Pregnant women who measured in number of childbirths within a women showed the highest mean score of 42.3±13.3 with 57 (44.8%) displaying a good knowledge level. Pregnant women with more than one child had significantly higher (<0.0001) knowledge scores compared to women with one child or none child. The majority of pregnant women with one child used the social media, followed by mass media as sources of information about toxoplasmosis. Scientific sources of information were used more commonly by pregnant women with none of the child birth. Conclusion. Pregnant women knowledge regarding toxoplasmosis was poor as compared to attitudes and practices. Health workers and newspapers/magazines were the main sources of information

A Clinicopathologic Study of Glomerular Disease: Experience of the King Fahd Hospital of the University, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia

Published studies from different centers in Saudi Arabia have reported contradicting results regarding glomerular lesions. In this retrospective study, we report our experience in King Fahd Hospital of the University at Al-Khobar in the Eastern province, including a description of the morphologic and clinical characteristics of primary and secondary glomerular disease. The study included 233 renal biopsies obtained from patients presenting with glomerular manifestations over a period of 23 years (1986–2008), investigated by light microscopy, immunofluorescence (149 cases) and electron microscopy (34 cases). One hundred and eighty-seven cases (80.3%) were primary glomerulonephritides. Minimal change glomerulopathy was the most common type of primary glomerulonephritis found (29.4% of primary glomerulonephritides), followed by mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (19.8%), and focal/segmental glomerulosclerosis (15.5%). Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis was found in 9.6% of cases, membranous glomerulopathy in 8.6%, IgA nephropathy in 6.4%, end-stage glomerulopathy in 5.9%, crescentic glomerulonephritis in 3.2%, and IgM nephropathy in 1.6%. Of the secondary glomerulonephritides (46 cases constituting 19.7% of the biopsies), lupus nephritis was the most frequently diagnosed disease (71.7% of secondary glomerulonephritides). Diabetic glomerulosclerosis was found in 10.9% of cases, amyloidosis in 6.5%, and Alport syndrome in 4.3%. Wegener's granulomatosis, Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis and hypertensive nephrosclerosis each represented 2.2% of cases (one case each). Other than a significantly higher incidence of minimal change glomerulopathy and lupus nephritis (p < 0.001) and a significantly lower prevalence of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (p = 0.029), our results are generally comparable to those reported by the Saudi registry for glomerulopathy and in some neighboring countries. Ageand sex-adjusted analyses revealed that minimal change glomerulopathy and lupus nephritis were also the most prevalent primary and secondary glomerulopathies in the pediatric age group (below 15 years) as well as in adults, females and males