AN ANALYSIS OF DIURNAL AIR TEMPERATURE RANGE CHANGE AND ITS COMPONENTS IN SHAHEED BENAZIR ABAD SINDH

A study has been carried out to analyse the temporal and seasonal patterns in the trends of diurnal air temperature range (DTR) and its components in Shaheed Benazir Abad for the time period 1996–2014.The magnitude, the slope and the significance of trends were investigated by using the linear regression method, the trend magnitude, the Mann-Kendall test and the Sen’s estimator of slope. The Mann-Kendall test and Sen's estimator of slope were calculated by using Addinsoft's XLSTAT 2015 software. The hypothesis of Mann-Kendall test was investigated at 95% confidence level for all variables. The result shows that minimum temperature of Shaheed Benazir Abad has increased at the rate of 0.063°C per year during study period while the maximum temperature for all months exhibits no change. This increase of minimum temperature contributed to the decreasing trend of diurnal temperature range. The DTR decreased at the rate of 0.057°C /year in Shaheed Benazir Abad. The investigation of seasonal DTR trends revealed that Summer and Spring seasons also witnessed a decreasing trends at the rate of 0.26 °C/year and 0.047°C/year respectively. Winter and aseasons, on the other hand, have experienced the increasing trends of DTR at the rate of 0.136 °C/year and 0.115 °C/year respectively. It is found by MK test that Tmax (winter), Tmax (Spring) and Tmin (Spring) exhibited the significant positive trends at the rate of 0.21°C/year, 0.368 °C/year and 0.421°C/year respectively. The increasing trends of Tmax of winter and spring indicate that winter and spring are warmer now

Estimation of Carbon Footprints from Diesel Generator Emissions

The aim of this paper is to estimate the amount of carbon footprints emitted from diesel generators in terms of carbon dioxide. A constant load demand of 1.05 kW per hour (6.3 kW/day) with six hours of operation of a diesel generator per day was selected for this analysis. The fuel consumption rate and carbon footprints in terms of carbon dioxide (CO2) were determined. It was discovered that emission of carbon footprints increased by five folds as emission factor was increased from 1kg to 5 kgCO2/liter. Similarly, the increment of a single kW rated power diesel generator at a constant emission factor increases 1.1 to 1.2 times carbon footprint emissions. It is revealed that the efficiency of diesel generator is inversely proportional to its rated power, fuel consumption rate and CO2 emissions. Therefore, the rated power of selected diesel generator should be close to the required load demand

Influence of Temperature on Electrical Characteristics of Different Photovoltaic Module Technologies

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of temperature on electrical characteristics of crystalline and amorphous photovoltaic (PV) modules in outdoor conditions at Nawabshah. The experimental setup was made over the roof of the departmental building. The climatic conditions of site were recorded with the help of HP-2000 Professional Weather Station in three different timings of the day, i.e. morning, noon and evening. The electrical characteristics of the PV modules were recorded with Prova-210 and module temperatures with Prova-830. The maximum intensity of global solar radiation was recorded at noon and ambient temperature in the evening and the relative humidity in the morning hours. It was observed that amorphous module got 0.7°C, 1.0°C and 1.6°C more average temperature than polycrystalline, thin film and monocrystalline modules respectively. The average maximum measured open-circuit voltage was noted from amorphous with 96.7% and minimum from thin film with 81.3% of their respective values on standard conditions, whereas, the average maximum recorded short-circuit current was produced by thin film with 64.9% and minimum by amorphous with 51.4%. The average maximum power was produced by polycrystalline and minimum by amorphous module. It was discovered that the crystalline PV modules gave more fill factor than thin film and amorphous module. Article History: Received January 6th 2018; Received in revised form May 5th 2018; Accepted May 26th 2018; Available online How to Cite This Article: Jatoi, A.R., Samo, S.R. and Jakhrani, A.Q. (2018). Influence of Temperature on Electrical Characteristics of Different Photovoltaic Module Technologies. Int. Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 7(2), 85-91. https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.7.2.85-9

Micro Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Design Integrated with Wind Accelerating Techniques

Power generation from natural wind is the crucial issue due to rapid depletion of non-renewable energy resources and their pollution demerits. Most observers agreed that long-term economic growth will require technical innovation to make wind energy more competitive with other forms of energy. One among the key trends is the push to improve productivity. Vertical axis wind turbines are capable of extracting power from wind regardless of direction of natural wind flow. Very less work is devoted to improve the characteristics of wind to make it more useable for power generation. Major portion of the research is related to the wind energy system design that caters the domestic needs. A micro vertical axis wind turbine system with integrated wind accelerating techniques is proposed. At the outer of the turbine a wind accelerating convergent duct with larger wind area is proposed, that will perform as a nozzle action to accelerate the natural wind when it strikes on the front half portion of the turbine blades. Proposed micro wind turbine is also integrated with satellite dish type parabolic structure, mounted at the top of the turbine. The parabolic concentrator surface is coated with sun rays reflecting mirrors, sunlight striking on paraboliod surface is directed to words a heat absorbing hollow cylinder, erected at the center of the paraboliod concentrator. Hollow cylinder is the path channel for air leaving the turbine. Air molecules passing through this channel will be heated up, moving rapidly up word creating momentum in air leaving from the turbine. Design of the proposed vertical axis wind turbine system integrated with wind accelerating techniques and experimental study of wind accelerating duct composed of various section is reported in this research work

Micro Vertical Axis Wind Turbine Design Integrated with Wind Accelerating Techniques

Power generation from natural wind is the crucial issue due to rapid depletion of non-renewable energy resources and their pollution demerits. Most observers agreed that long-term economic growth will require technical innovation to make wind energy more competitive with other forms of energy. One among the key trends is the push to improve productivity. Vertical axis wind turbines are capable of extracting power from wind regardless of direction of natural wind flow. Very less work is devoted to improve the characteristics of wind to make it more useable for power generation. Major portion of the research is related to the wind energy system design that caters the domestic needs. A micro vertical axis wind turbine system with integrated wind accelerating techniques is proposed. At the outer of the turbine a wind accelerating convergent duct with larger wind area is proposed, that will perform as a nozzle action to accelerate the natural wind when it strikes on the front half portion of the turbine blades. Proposed micro wind turbine is also integrated with satellite dish type parabolic structure, mounted at the top of the turbine. The parabolic concentrator surface is coated with sun rays reflecting mirrors, sunlight striking on paraboliod surface is directed to words a heat absorbing hollow cylinder, erected at the center of the paraboliod concentrator. Hollow cylinder is the path channel for air leaving the turbine. Air molecules passing through this channel will be heated up, moving rapidly up word creating momentum in air leaving from the turbine. Design of the proposed vertical axis wind turbine system integrated with wind accelerating techniques and experimental study of wind accelerating duct composed of various section is reported in this research work

Life Cycle Cost Analysis of a Standalone PV System

The purpose of this paper is to assess the viability of standalone photovoltaic (SAPV) systems for the supply of electricity in remote areas of Sarawak. In order to achieve the objectives, the life cycle cost (LCC) of a SAPV system was computed by means of net present value (NPV) technique. All anticipated costs were discounted to their present values by considering the time value of money. It was found that the capital cost makes up around 58% and future costs shares 42% of all expenses. PV modules contribute 9% and battery bank shares 52% with almost 8 days of autonomy at LLP of 0.01. Controller adds 5%, inverter 8%, civil work 17% and O&M 9% of total life time system cost. The estimated net energy cost from SAPV system was found to be US$2.5/kWh, which is 20 times higher than average electricity tariff in Malaysia. It is concluded that the SAPV systems could only be preferred where the extension of power transmission lines is expensive for the supply of electricity in isolated areas