11 research outputs found

    Meth@+.com - ModĂ©liser le dĂ©veloppement d’un systĂšme innovant de mĂ©thanisation collective et Ă  hautes performances environnementales Ă  l’échelle d’un micro-territoires.

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    En 2013, le plan Energie MĂ©thanisation Autonomie Azote Ă©tait publiĂ©, et un modĂšle « français de mĂ©thanisation agricole collective » Ă©tait appelĂ© Ă  devenir l’un des leviers de la transition Ă©nergĂ©tique et Ă©cologique. Les travaux prĂ©sentĂ©s ici ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©s entre 2013 et 2016 et se sont appliquĂ©s Ă  explorer plusieurs composantes de ce modĂšle de mĂ©thanisation afin de cerner les stratĂ©gies Ă  l’origine des schĂ©mas de mĂ©thanisation, et leurs implications environnementales et agronomiques. Ainsi assortie d’un Ă©tat des lieux des pratiques agronomiques de 4 mĂ©thaniseurs, la connaissance des digestats a Ă©tĂ© approfondie afin de permettre une meilleure prise en compte de leurs propriĂ©tĂ©s dans leur stratĂ©gie de gestion des ressources. Les logiques associĂ©es aux flux de matiĂšres et d’élĂ©ments fertilisants en amont et en aval des installations de mĂ©thanisation ont ainsi Ă©tĂ© explorĂ©es afin d’établir un cadre d’analyse des stratĂ©gies de gestion des ressources par les mĂ©thaniseurs. L’approche des implications agro-environnementale s’est faite par l’étude de la valeur fertilisante et amendante de plusieurs sortes de digestats. La valeur fertilisante azotĂ©e de 5 formes de digestats a donc Ă©tĂ© dĂ©finie, mettant en Ă©vidence la forte variabilitĂ© de l’intĂ©rĂȘt des digestats au regard de ce critĂšre, mĂȘme si l’ammonium reprĂ©sente toujours la grande majoritĂ© de l’azote total (>70%). Une biodisponibilitĂ© de 100% du phosphore des digestats a Ă©tĂ© mise en Ă©vidence par traçage isotopique. La variabilitĂ© des propriĂ©tĂ©s amendantes des digestats a Ă©tĂ© mise en Ă©vidence par application de fractionnement biochimique (ISMO 73±8%, n=19)), et par minĂ©ralisation potentielle du carbone et de l’azote. Ces travaux restent limitĂ©s par le nombre d’unitĂ©s de mĂ©thanisation suivies (n=3), et appellent l’approfondissement des tendances soulevĂ©es.In 2013, in France, the « Energie MĂ©thanisation Autonomie Azote » plan was published, and the ‘French agricultural and collective biogas model” should become a lever of the energetic and ecological transition. The results presented in this paper were produced between 2013 and 2016 and planned to explore several dimensions of this methane production plan. These works aimed at produce knowledges about biogas plant resources management and about digestate. Such knowledges and tools should be used to support biogas plant managers and territory stakeholders in order to analyze their own model from an agronomic and environmental point of view. Based on field experience cases, brakes and levers of such projects development have been gathered in a methodology guide. Upstream and downstream biomass and fertilizers flux have equally been explored in order to establish an analysis frame of resources management per biogas plant. Additional works have been conducted about digestate. Several digestates features were studied. Nitrogen fertilizing value of 5 digestate types were determined, and evidenced a great variability of digestates quality regarding this topic. Ammonia remains the major part of total nitrogen (>70%). Phosphorus bioavailability is 100%, as revealed by isotopic tracing. Biochemical fractioning and Carbon and Nitrogen potential mineralization showed variability of amending digestates properties (ISMO 73±8%, n=19). Nevertheless, these works remain limited by the number of biogas plants under study (n=3) and argue for going further into such analyses

    Alkalinity and structure of soils determine the truffle production in the Pyrenean Regions

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    Aim of study: The program "Typology of truffle stations in the Pyrenean Regions" aimed to define the ecological conditions and culture practices that favor Tuber melanosporum growth and fruiting in this area. Area of study: Navarra, Catalonia, Midi-Pyrénées and Languedoc-Roussillon. Material and methods: The program was based on the survey of 212 wild and cultivated truffle beds of evergreen oaks (Quercus ilex). The data collected in the field consisted of photographs, samples of soil, roots and mycorrhizae, and information on cultural practices followed by truffle growers. Main results: (i) truffle soils are alkaline, from neutral, dolomitic, to moderately or very calcareous soils; (ii) truffle soils are light, well-structured and stable to water immersion; (iii) mycelium that colonizes roots survives in suboptimal conditions, but it does not necessarily bear ascocarps. Finally our results suggest that T. melanosporum is a relatively ubiquitous fungus able to grow, or at least to persist, in a wide range of physical and chemical soil conditions. We propose a probabilistic model of the environment favorable for fruiting, built around a two-dimensional graph with an axis for the chemical conditions, like soil alkalinity, and another axis for the physical conditions, like soil structure. Research highlights: Soil alkalinity and structure allow to built a convenient representation of the ecological capacity of a place to be good T. melanosporum habitat, and thus of the probability for truffle growers to harvest truffles according to the environmental properties of their truffle orchards
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