Cultura institucional de género en estudiantes de una institución de educación superior pública

The results of the application of an instrument designed to evaluate the gender organizational culture of students in a Public Higher Education Institution (IESP) in Hermosillo, Sonora, are described and analyzed. The survey, composed of 32 questions, was answered by 1,020 students on an electronic format. In this paper, we report six dimensions: school gender policy, equal participation of women and men, mechanism for sharing information about violence, institutional communication, university wellness, and training and merits. The students' answers show that in this particular IESP there is equal access to scholarships, academic events, and promotion of leadership, among other opportunities. With regards to laws and programs that promote women's rights, more than half of the students are aware of their existence. The reliability of the instrument was .97. We conclude that most students consider there is equal access to opportunities and that the instrument is reliable for use in other contexts.Se describen y analizan resultados de la aplicación de un instrumento diseñado para evaluar la cultura institucional de género en estudiantes de una Institución de Educación Superior Pública (IESP) en Hermosillo, Sonora. El cuestionario compuesto por 32 reactivos fue respondido por 1,020 estudiantes, en un formato electrónico. Aquí se reportan las dimensiones correspondientes a políticas escolares de género, participación igualitaria entre hombres y mujeres, mecanismos de información sobre violencia, comunicación institucional, salud universitaria y capacitación y méritos. Las respuestas de las y los estudiantes muestran que en la IESP estudiada existe acceso igualitario a becas, eventos académicos y promoción de liderazgos, entre otras oportunidades. En lo que respecta a leyes y programas que promueven los derechos de las mujeres, más de la mitad de las y los jóvenes tienen conocimiento de su existencia. Al evaluar la confiabilidad del instrumento ésta fue de .97. Se concluye que la mayoría del estudiantado considera que existe acceso por igual a las oportunidades y que el instrumento es confiable para ser utilizado en otros contextos

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Summary: Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health

Risk of COVID-19 after natural infection or vaccinationResearch in context

Background: While vaccines have established utility against COVID-19, phase 3 efficacy studies have generally not comprehensively evaluated protection provided by previous infection or hybrid immunity (previous infection plus vaccination). Individual patient data from US government-supported harmonized vaccine trials provide an unprecedented sample population to address this issue. We characterized the protective efficacy of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection and hybrid immunity against COVID-19 early in the pandemic over three-to six-month follow-up and compared with vaccine-associated protection. Methods: In this post-hoc cross-protocol analysis of the Moderna, AstraZeneca, Janssen, and Novavax COVID-19 vaccine clinical trials, we allocated participants into four groups based on previous-infection status at enrolment and treatment: no previous infection/placebo; previous infection/placebo; no previous infection/vaccine; and previous infection/vaccine. The main outcome was RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19 >7–15 days (per original protocols) after final study injection. We calculated crude and adjusted efficacy measures. Findings: Previous infection/placebo participants had a 92% decreased risk of future COVID-19 compared to no previous infection/placebo participants (overall hazard ratio [HR] ratio: 0.08; 95% CI: 0.05–0.13). Among single-dose Janssen participants, hybrid immunity conferred greater protection than vaccine alone (HR: 0.03; 95% CI: 0.01–0.10). Too few infections were observed to draw statistical inferences comparing hybrid immunity to vaccine alone for other trials. Vaccination, previous infection, and hybrid immunity all provided near-complete protection against severe disease. Interpretation: Previous infection, any hybrid immunity, and two-dose vaccination all provided substantial protection against symptomatic and severe COVID-19 through the early Delta period. Thus, as a surrogate for natural infection, vaccination remains the safest approach to protection. Funding: National Institutes of Health