Nutritional Quality of Bivalves, Crassostrea madrasensis and Perna viridis in the Kali Estuary, Karnataka, India

Quality aspects of oysters (Crassostrea madrasensis) and mussel (Perna viridis) in the Kali estuary, Karwar were examined in different seasons over a 13 month period. Ecophysiological parameters and nutritional quality parameters of oysters and mussel (composition of Protein, Carbohydrate, Lipid and Ash content) were determined at different seasons of the year. Seasonal variations were observed in the nutrient content, with particular regard to protein 52.33% (September 2003) to 63.86% (June 2004); Carbohydrate 14.01% (February 2004) to 25.24% (October 2003), Lipid 8.46% (October 2003) to 18.77% (February 2004) ash 4.21% (February 2004) to 14.82% (September 2004) in oysters whereas in mussels protein 57.39%  (March 2004) to 66.51% (November 2003), Carbohydrate 14.69% (November 2003) to 26.81% (March 2004), Lipid 8.09% (Feb. 2004) to 12.62% (November 2003), ash 6.18% (November 2003) to 9.02% (March 2004). In spite of this variability, the nutritional quality of the oysters was generally good, especially just before gamete release (premonsoon) when the concentration of nutrients was at its maximum. A low level of fat was detected in the edible meat of oysters and mussels

A Survey on Optimal Fault Tolerant Strategy for Reliability Improvement in Cloud Migration

ABSTRACT: Cloud Co mputing gives convenient, on-demand network access to shared pool of co mputing resources like network storage and servers. With On demand use, high scalability and low maintenance cost of Cloud computing more and more enterprises wishes to migrate their legacy application to the cloud environment. Cloud platform itself promises high reliab ility. And also ensures high quality of service. But due to comp licated structure of enterprises application and also large no of distributed components of legacy application the things are becoming complicated. So while migrating any legacy application to the cloud becomes critical and challenging task. To improve reliab ility proposed system gives ROcloud framework i.e. Reliability -Based optimized framework. ROCloud improves the application Reliab ility by using Fault tolerance. ROCloudes includes two ranking algorithms. First Ranking Algorithm is used to rank components for the application when all their co mponents of the application will be migra ted to the cloud. And second ranking algorithm is used to rank components those are hybrid application i.e. when only part of their components are migrated to the cloud. For components both the Ranking algorith ms make use of the Application structure information and historical reliability information. On the basis of ranking results for the most significant components with respect to their predefined co mponents Optimal fault to lerant strategy will be selected automatically. KEYWORDS: Software Reliability, Cloud Migrat ion, Ranking Algorith m, Fault To lerance. I. INTRO DUCTION Cloud computing is a convenient, on-demand network access. It is a shared pool of configurable computing resources. The computing resources like networks, servers, storage, etc., can be prov isioned to cloud users on-demand, in the cloud computing environment. It is like the electricity grid. Without the concern of upfront capital or operator expense n companies can deploy their newly developed Internet services to the cloud. Thus, when migrat ing legacy applications to the cloud environment reliability based optimizat ion is an urgently required research problem In the cloud environment, the applications deployed in the cloud environment are usually complicated. And also consist of a large number of components. So only use of fault prevention techniques and fault removal techniques are not sufficient. Software fault tolerance is another approach for build ing reliab le systems. To tolerate faults wh ich can be emp loy functionally equivalent components. in the cloud environment software fault tolerance approach takes advantage of the redundant resources. And instead of removing faults, it makes the system more robust by masking faults. The cloud platform is flexib le and can provide resources on-demand. Still there is a charge for using the cloud components. e.g., the virtual machines of A mazon Elastic Co mpute Cloud or Simp le Storage Service. Legacy applications usually consist of a large number of co mponents. So providing redundancies for each component is a very expensive task. During the mig ration of legacy applications to cloud, to assure highly reliab ility with reduced cost i.e with limited budget, an efficient reliab ility -based optimizat ion framework is necessary

Evaluation of constitutional chromosomal abnormalities: experience of a tertiary healthcare diagnostic laboratory in India

Background: Structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations contribute significantly to genetic disease. Unbalanced aberrations are associated with congenital anomalies, mental retardation and underdevelopment of secondary sexual characters while balanced structural chromosomal abnormalities contribute to an increased risk for infertility, bad obstetric history and chromosomally unbalanced offspring with multiple congenital abnormalities and intellectual impairment. Aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence and characterization of cytogenetic aberrations in 8445 cases referred during the years 2010-2013 for cytogenetic evaluation.Methods: Metaphase chromosomes from 72-hour blood lymphocyte culture were prepared for Giemsa-Trypsin-G banding. Characterization of marker chromosomes were done by M-FISH and subtle chromosomal aberrations were evaluated by targeted FISH using centromeric probes for chromosome 13,18,21, X and Y and loci specific probes for microdeletion syndromes and SRY gene.Results: Variant forms of trisomies i.e. partial trisomies were seen in cases with Edwards and Patau syndrome. Sex chromosomal abnormalities associated with puberty and reproductive problems were seen in cases with Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome and also in females with primary amenorrhea. Autosomal reciprocal translocations were the most common chromosomal changes in couples with recurrent abortions. In order to increase the diagnostic yield and evaluate variations, FISH and m-FISH were additional tests done to characterize the genetic variations.Conclusions: Along with Karyotyping SRY, XIST, SHOX9 gene analysis and Y microdeletion analysis are also critial tests to assess the possibilities for normal development or assisted reproduction in individuals with sex chromosomal abnormalities

Baseline status and effect of genotype, environment and genotype × environment interactions on iron and zinc content in Indian chickpeas (Cicer arietinum L.)

Genetic biofortification is a cost-effective strategy to address iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) deficiencies prevalent worldwide. Being a rich and cheap protein source, chickpea, a food legume grown and consumed across the globe, is a good target for biofortification. Nineteen popular commercial cultivars of India were analysed for Fe and Zn content at four locations representing different agro-climatic zones to study the genotypic and genotype 9 environment interactions on Fe and Zn. Distribution of phytic acid (PA), an important anti-nutrient that chelates and reduces the mineral bioavailability, was also analysed. Influence of other agronomic traits like days to flowering, plant height and 100 seed weight on Fe and Zn content was also studied. All the traits showed significant G and G 9 E interactions; however, the magnitude of variance of GXE was lesser than that of G alone. Genotype ? genotype-by-environment and genotype- by-trait biplots were used to assess the relations between different environments, genotypes and traits. Iron and zinc content showed positive correlation between them indicating a possibility of their coselection in breeding. A negative correlation between Zn and PA was observed. However, there was very low variability for PA content in the cultivars under study, indicating that moderate PA is naturally selected in these cultivars during breeding. Despite significant GXE interactions, cultivars with high Fe ([70 lg/g) and Zn content ([40 lg/g) at three out of four test locations were identified. Such genotypes will be useful in breeding programs for enhancing mineral micronutrient content and understanding the molecular mechanisms governing their differential uptake

Bloodstain pattern analysis: investigating the effectiveness of small (sub 3mm) bloodstains in area of origin determinations

The use of bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) in reconstruction of bloodletting events has become a critical and integral part of many criminal investigations and court cases. In instances where a bloodstain pattern is created due to external forces being applied to a source of blood, an impact spatter pattern is created. Traditionally, BPA analysts have followed a rigid protocol for selection of bloodstains used in these reconstruction events in attempts to lessen sources of error that directly impact area of convergence (AOC) and area of origin (AOO) calculations. One such selection criteria is bloodstain size; bloodstains that have a length (l) between 3mm and 8mm are considered useful for reconstruction determinations. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of small (l<3mm) bloodstains in AOO determinations in comparison to the accepted industry standard and identify the involvement of impact angles in these calculations. Bloodstain impact angles and AOO calculations were conducted using the Microsoft® Office Excel 2003 Auto Shape program and tangent method respectively. Bloodstain size was found to have no impact on X (p-value=0.906), Y (p-value=0.262) and Z (p-value=0.688) co-ordinates for AOO determinations and decreasing angles of impact showed no correlation to deviation from the actual AOO

Faulty study design

This article does not have an abstract

Thoracic endovascular repair of a rare case of leaking aortic arch intramural hematoma secondary to Giant cell arteritis.

Background: Traditionally thoracic aortic aneurysms (TAA) secondary to Giant Cell Arteritis (GCA) were treated with resection and open repair. However no prior studies have reported an aortic intramural hematoma (IMH) as a presentation of GCA or outcome of thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) in TAA or IMH secondary to GCA. Case presentation: A 59 year old female, nonsmoker, non-hypertensive, non-diabetic with a known history of GCA, temporal arteritis on prednisone presented with shortness of breath & chest pain. Chest CT revealed aortic arch IMH and large left hemothorax. CTA confirmed distal aortic arch focal dilation, a focal intimal irregularity in the distal aortic arch and extensive IMH without any active extravasation or signs of aortitis. Patient underwent an urgent TEVAR without oversizing the aortic landing zones. Post TEVAR aortogram showed exclusion of the site of IMH origin and dilated aortic arch segment by the stent and absence of active extravasation. One month post-TEVAR CTA showed patent stent graft with resolution of IMH and hemothorax. One year after TEVAR, patient remained asymptomatic. Conclusion: GCA can present as an IMH secondary to underlying chronic vasculitis. When endovascular repair is considered, great care should be taken not to grossly oversize aortic landing zones

Percutaneous embolization using a combination of liquid embolic agents for the treatment of a large disfiguring venous malformation

© 2020 A 25-year-old man with a venous malformation (VM) along the anterior and posterolateral aspects of the right chest wall presented with progressive enlargement of VM, chest wall pain, and physical disfigurement. Because of the complexity and size of the VM, a staged multidisciplinary team approach (ie, percutaneous embolization) followed by surgical resection and tissue-skin grafting was used. The percutaneous embolization was achieved with a combination of liquid embolic agents including n-butyl cyanoacrylate for the superficial cutaneous component and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer for the deeper subcutaneous component of the VM. Such a combination can achieve safe occlusion of the VM, facilitate surgical resection without blood loss, and contribute to a cosmetically desirable result