Identification of executable files on the basis of statistical criteria

The paper considers methods of identification of executable signatures using statistical criteria. Identification here should be understood as a process of file recognition by establishing its coincidence with a particular program. New ways to creation of executable file signatures are considered. A new approach to identification of elf-files based on the Chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov criteria is offered. Restrictions and conditions of using these criteria are considered. The proposed method can be used to audit data-storage medium

Distribution of the daily Sunspot Number variation for the last 14 solar cycles

The difference between consecutive daily Sunspot Numbers was analysed. Its distribution was approximated on a large time scale with an exponential law. In order to verify this approximation a Maximum Entropy distribution was generated by a modified version of the Simulated Annealing algorithm. The exponential approximation holds for the generated distribution too. The exponential law is characteristic for time scales covering whole cycles and it is mostly a characteristic of the Sunspot Number fluctuations and not of its average variation.Comment: Accepted for publication in Solar Physic

The relationship between self-organization and membrane effects of aqueous dispersion systems of the thyroliberin oligopeptide

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The relationship between rearrangement of the dispersed phase inducing considerable changes in the pH and nonmonotonic concentration dependences of membrane effects in aqueous systems of the endogenous regulatory peptide, thyroliberin (thyrotropin-releasing hormone), in 10 –3 –10 –16 mol/L concentration range was demonstrated for the first time. The membrane structure modification in the 10 –13 –10 –16 mol/L range was found to be due to accumulation of nanoassociates, while the oppositely directed pronounced structural changes in the 10 –6 –10 –12 mol/L range may be associated with the coexistence and rearrangement of dispersed phases of various nature (domains and associates) whose action on membrane lipid components is regulated in this concentration range by the correlated changes in the dispersed phase parameters and pH

Assessment of allergen tolerance breakdown levels in local and classical allergic rhinitis

Local allergic rhinitis, a new endotype of allergic rhinitis discerned by researchers of the Spanish Allergy School, is now in the focus of interest of international allergological community. A special feature of local allergic rhinitis, which, being similar to conventional signs of allergic rhinitis, is, however, characterized by absence of systemic atopy manifestations, e.g., an increased total serum IgE content and positive allergic skin tests. In order to assess the level of tolerance breakdown to allergens in local and classical allergic rhinitis, we have studyed concentrations of IL-4, IL-22, and IFNγ in three biological fluids, blood, nasal secretions, and skin exudate. The whole study cohort consisted of 82 patients aged 18 to 60 years with established allergic rhinitis. The diagnosis was based on counseling by allergologist/immunologist, including clinical case history and possible inheritance of atopy as well as videorhinoscopy performed by an ENT specialist. The procedure of videorhinoscopy allowed to specify allergic origin of rhinitis and exclude the patients with non-allergic forms of the disease, but it did not enable us to differentiate between the endotypes of classic and local allergic rhinitis. Subsequently, all patients have been divided into two subgroups based on the criteria of systemic atopy: (1) with a high content of serum total IgE and positive skin allergy tests (n = 41) and (2) with a significantly lower concentration of IgE and negative allergy tests (n = 41). It was concluded that the patients with classic allergic rhinitis prevailed in the 1st subgroup, whereas local rhinitis predominated in the 2nd group. The study of IL-4, IL-22 and IFNγ concentrations in the three biological fluids allowed us to presume that the 1st subgroup was characterized by increased content of IL-4 and IL-22 in blood and skin exudate in comparison with controls, and the 2nd subgroup showed a decrease in IFNγ to control values. The cytokine concentrations in nasal secretions were not representative for the subgroups studied. The result has been interpreted as the absence of tolerance breakdown to causal allergens in the patients with local allergic rhinitis at the systemic level. The obtained data could be used in development of a diagnostic biomarker system for this specific endotype of allergic rhinitis, thus avoiding potential diagnostic errors which occurred in the past, when this endotype was classified as non-allergic form of the disease, thus administering non-adequate treatment, e.g., allergen-specific immunotherapy, which could be prescribed in these cases

Исследование фармакокинетики противотуберкулезного препарата Биомайрин

Resume. The results of a studying the pharmacokinetics of the anti-tuberculosis drug Biomayrin in experimental animals (rats) after oral administration were presented. A comparative analysis of the pharmacokinetic parameters of Biomayrin with a comparing drug (a mixture of rifampicin, ethambutol and isoniazid) showed that the bioavailability of isoniazid increased four times as a part of Biomayrin, the ethambutol and rifampicin three times compared to the comparing drug, thereby showing a prolonged effect. It should also be noted that the introduction of isoniazid into the polysaccharide matrix retards its metabolism to the therapeutically inactive acetylisoniazid.Представлены результаты изучения фармакокинетики противотуберкулезного препарата Биомайрин у экспериментальных животных (крысы) после перорального введения. Сравнительный анализ фармакокинетических параметров Биомайрина с препаратом сравнения (смесь рифампицина, этамбутола и изониазида) показал, что в составе Биомайрина период полувыведения изониазида больше в четыре раза, этамбутола и рифампицина - в три раза, чем у препарата сравнения, тем самым проявляется пролонгированный эффект. Следует также отметить, что введение изониазида в полисахаридную матрицу замедляет его метаболизм в терапевтически неактивный ацетилизониазид

Budget Funding of Federal Health Care Institutions

This article is the first to analyze the breakdown of income and expenditures of federal health care institutions belonging to various government agencies, in particular the federal clinics under the control of the Ministry of Public Health of Russia. It discusses possibilities of using the existing system of statistical and financial reporting to quantitatively evaluate the efficiency of budget funding of federal health care institutions. Institutional characteristics of the mechanism by which federal clinics are funded, including recent attempts to change it, are analyzed in detail. It is shown that the current mechanism provides for multi-level funding of the operation of federal clinics, perpetuates cost-based management, and is incompatible with the requirements of efficient use of resources. Recommendations are made for changing the budgeting procedure for funding of federal health care institutions' clinical activity.

The relationship between self-organization and membrane effects of aqueous dispersion systems of the thyroliberin oligopeptide

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The relationship between rearrangement of the dispersed phase inducing considerable changes in the pH and nonmonotonic concentration dependences of membrane effects in aqueous systems of the endogenous regulatory peptide, thyroliberin (thyrotropin-releasing hormone), in 10 –3 –10 –16 mol/L concentration range was demonstrated for the first time. The membrane structure modification in the 10 –13 –10 –16 mol/L range was found to be due to accumulation of nanoassociates, while the oppositely directed pronounced structural changes in the 10 –6 –10 –12 mol/L range may be associated with the coexistence and rearrangement of dispersed phases of various nature (domains and associates) whose action on membrane lipid components is regulated in this concentration range by the correlated changes in the dispersed phase parameters and pH

The relationship between self-organization and membrane effects of aqueous dispersion systems of the thyroliberin oligopeptide

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The relationship between rearrangement of the dispersed phase inducing considerable changes in the pH and nonmonotonic concentration dependences of membrane effects in aqueous systems of the endogenous regulatory peptide, thyroliberin (thyrotropin-releasing hormone), in 10 –3 –10 –16 mol/L concentration range was demonstrated for the first time. The membrane structure modification in the 10 –13 –10 –16 mol/L range was found to be due to accumulation of nanoassociates, while the oppositely directed pronounced structural changes in the 10 –6 –10 –12 mol/L range may be associated with the coexistence and rearrangement of dispersed phases of various nature (domains and associates) whose action on membrane lipid components is regulated in this concentration range by the correlated changes in the dispersed phase parameters and pH

The relationship between self-organization and membrane effects of aqueous dispersion systems of the thyroliberin oligopeptide

© 2017, Pleiades Publishing, Ltd. The relationship between rearrangement of the dispersed phase inducing considerable changes in the pH and nonmonotonic concentration dependences of membrane effects in aqueous systems of the endogenous regulatory peptide, thyroliberin (thyrotropin-releasing hormone), in 10 –3 –10 –16 mol/L concentration range was demonstrated for the first time. The membrane structure modification in the 10 –13 –10 –16 mol/L range was found to be due to accumulation of nanoassociates, while the oppositely directed pronounced structural changes in the 10 –6 –10 –12 mol/L range may be associated with the coexistence and rearrangement of dispersed phases of various nature (domains and associates) whose action on membrane lipid components is regulated in this concentration range by the correlated changes in the dispersed phase parameters and pH