77 research outputs found

    A deep level set method for image segmentation

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    This paper proposes a novel image segmentation approachthat integrates fully convolutional networks (FCNs) with a level setmodel. Compared with a FCN, the integrated method can incorporatesmoothing and prior information to achieve an accurate segmentation.Furthermore, different than using the level set model as a post-processingtool, we integrate it into the training phase to fine-tune the FCN. Thisallows the use of unlabeled data during training in a semi-supervisedsetting. Using two types of medical imaging data (liver CT and left ven-tricle MRI data), we show that the integrated method achieves goodperformance even when little training data is available, outperformingthe FCN or the level set model alone

    Oncogenic osteomalacia: A case report and review of the literarture

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    Oncogenic osteomalacia is a rare paraneoplastic syndrome characterized by severe hypophosphoremia due to renal phosphate wasting and osteomalacia clinically near to hereditary hypophosphoremic rickets. This disorder is induced by a benign tumor which belongs to the group of « phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor mixed connective tissue variant » secreting phosphaturic factors. We report the case of a 54-year old man who presented with diffuse bone pain and bilateral hip pain evolving for 3 years. Physical examination revealed a subcutaneous tumor of the leftflank. A radiographic skeletal survey showed signs of osteomalacia with an overall « washed-out » appearance of the bone, cuneiform aspect of dorsolombar vertebral bodies and bilateral fracture of femoral necks. Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 concentration was high. The patient had total bilateral hips arthroplasty and surgical removal of the tumor of the flank was performed. There was rapid improvement and the laboratory values returned to normal.Keywords: Oncogenic, Osteomalacia, Mesenchymal, Tumor, fibroblast growth factor

    Carcinome papillaire sur kyste du tractus thyreoglosse

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    Introduction :: Cysts of the thyroglossal duct are a congenital anomaly. they are common but the incidence of papillary carcinoma arising in a thyroglossal duct cyst (TDC) is rare. The clinical presentation of these cancers is generally nonspecific. There are usually identified only after histopathologic examinationAim: Modalities of treatment and prevention are discussed.Methods: We report 4 cases of a papillary carcinoma developed on a thyroglossal duct cyst, who underwent surgery. Two cases have been detected on préopératory and two at the definitive anatomopathology. Our therapeutic attitude has been discussed in each of our 4cases.Conclusion: there is no consensus about the modalities of treatment of papillary carcinoma in thyroglossal duct cyst.Keywords: Thyroglossal duct cyst, Thyroid, Papillary carcinoma, surgery, Total thyroidectomy

    Diagnostic et prise en charge de l’hyperparathyroïdie primaire

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    Objectif : L’hyperparathyroĂŻdie primaire (hPTP) est dĂ©finie par la production excessive et inappropriĂ©e de parathormone (PTh). Les formes asymptomatiques et modĂ©rĂ©es sont devenues de plus en plus frĂ©quentes. Le but de ce travail est d’étudier les caractĂ©ristiques cliniques et paracliniques de l’hPTP, de prĂ©ciser les indications thĂ©rapeutiques et de les discuter en comparant nos rĂ©sultats avec ceux de la littĂ©rature.MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes: Il s’agit d’une Ă©tude rĂ©trospective Ă  propos de 86 patients colligĂ©s entre Janvier 2005 et DĂ©cembre 2010. Tous les patients ont bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d’un examen ORL et d’un bilan biologique comportant une calcĂ©mie et un dosage de la PTh. Le bilan radiologique comportait une Ă©chographie cervicale, une scintigraphie au MIBI et/ou une IRM cervicale.Tous les patients ont Ă©tĂ© opĂ©rĂ©s sous anesthĂ©sie gĂ©nĂ©rale et ont eu une cervicotomie par approche classique. La surveillance a Ă©tĂ© clinique et biologique avec un recul moyen de 16 mois (4-36 mois).RĂ©sultats : La calcĂ©mie Ă©tait Ă©levĂ©e chez 77 patients (89,5%) et la PTh chez tous les patients. Une Ă©chographie cervicale a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e chez 79 patients et a montrĂ© une image en faveur d’un adĂ©nome parathyroĂŻdien chez 37 d’entre eux (46,8%). La scintigraphie au MIBI, pratiquĂ©e chez 46 patients, a montrĂ© une hyperfixation dans 31 cas (67,4%). L’IRM aĂ©tĂ© pratiquĂ©e chez 5 patients et a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© un adĂ©nome dans 3 cas.L’exploration chirurgicale avec examen extemporanĂ© a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© un adĂ©nome unique chez 65 patients deux adĂ©nomes chez 12 patients, et une hypertrophie des 4 PTh chez 9 autres. Une exĂ©rĂšse des adĂ©nomes a Ă©tĂ© ainsi rĂ©alisĂ©e chez 77 patients et une parathyroĂŻdectomie subtotale dans 9 cas. en post-opĂ©ratoire, 12 patients (14%) ont prĂ©sentĂ© une hypocalcĂ©mietransitoire. Aucune hypocalcĂ©mie dĂ©finitive ni paralysie rĂ©currentielle n’ont Ă©tĂ© notĂ©es. L’examen anatomopathologique dĂ©finitif a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© un adĂ©nome unique, un adĂ©nome double, une hyperplasie et PTh normale respectivement chez 58, 3, 24 et 1 patients. L’évolution Ă  long terme a Ă©tĂ© marquĂ©e par l’amĂ©lioration clinique et biologique chez 81 patients  (94,2%). Une non-amĂ©lioration clinique et biologique a Ă©tĂ© notĂ©e chez 5 patients. Ils ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©opĂ©rĂ©s et ont eu une parathyroĂŻdectomie subtotale. L’anatomopathologie confirmait l’hyperplasie dans tous les cas.Conclusion : Le traitement de l’hPTP symptomatique est chirurgical. L’approche classique a fait preuve de son efficacitĂ©. Les progrĂšs rĂ©cents des explorations prĂ©opĂ©ratoires et le dosage peropĂ©ratoire de la PTh ont rendu possible une approche mini-invasive. Des controverses persistent quant Ă  la prise en charge de l’hPTP asymptomatique dont l’indicationthĂ©rapeutique doit ĂȘtre bien Ă©tudiĂ©e.Mots-clĂ©s : hyperparathyroĂŻdie primaire, adĂ©nome, glande parathyroĂŻde, parathormone, scintigraphie, parathyroĂŻdectomi

    Prise en charge de l’atresie choanale

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    Introduction: L’atrĂ©sie choanale est une malformation congĂ©nitale rare mais non exceptionnelle. Le but de notre travail est d’étudier les caractĂ©ristiques Ă©pidĂ©miologiques, cliniques et radiologiques de cette pathologie, et de discuter les diffĂ©rentes modalitĂ©s thĂ©rapeutiques et leurs rĂ©sultats respectifs.MatĂ©riel et mĂ©thodes: Notre Ă©tude rĂ©trospective porte sur une sĂ©rie de 12 cas d’atrĂ©sie choanale opĂ©rĂ©s dans notre service entre 2002 et 2010. Tous les patients ont bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© d’un examen ORL et d’une tomodensitomĂ©trie du massif facial. Tous les patients ont Ă©tĂ© opĂ©rĂ©s sous anesthĂ©sie gĂ©nĂ©rale.RĂ©sultats: L’ñge moyen Ă©tait de 10,7 ans (3 jours - 31 ans) et le sex-ratio Ă©tait de 2. L’atteinte Ă©tait unilatĂ©rale dans 66,6% et bilatĂ©rale dans 33,3% des cas. Dans 16% des cas, l’atrĂ©sie rentrait dans le cadre d’un syndrome polymalformatif. La technique opĂ©ratoire utilisĂ©e Ă©tait la voie  endoscopique dans 10 cas et la voie transpalatine dans 2 cas. Le taux de succĂšs global Ă©tait de 75%. Trois cas de rĂ©cidive ont Ă©tĂ© notĂ©s. Ils ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©opĂ©rĂ©s par voie endonasale.Conclusion: L’endoscopie nasale et la TDM permettent le diagnostic positif de l’atrĂ©sie choanale. Le traitement de rĂ©fĂ©rence actuellement est la chirurgie par voie endonasale.Mots-clĂ©s: atrĂ©sie choanale, malformation, obstruction nasale, endoscopie, tomodensitomĂ©trie, chirurgie endonasal

    Global, regional, and national burden of stroke and its risk factors, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

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    Background: Regularly updated data on stroke and its pathological types, including data on their incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability, risk factors, and epidemiological trends, are important for evidence-based stroke care planning and resource allocation. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) aims to provide a standardised and comprehensive measurement of these metrics at global, regional, and national levels. Methods: We applied GBD 2019 analytical tools to calculate stroke incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the population attributable fraction (PAF) of DALYs (with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals [UIs]) associated with 19 risk factors, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019. These estimates were provided for ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, subarachnoid haemorrhage, and all strokes combined, and stratified by sex, age group, and World Bank country income level. Findings: In 2019, there were 12·2 million (95% UI 11·0–13·6) incident cases of stroke, 101 million (93·2–111) prevalent cases of stroke, 143 million (133–153) DALYs due to stroke, and 6·55 million (6·00–7·02) deaths from stroke. Globally, stroke remained the second-leading cause of death (11·6% [10·8–12·2] of total deaths) and the third-leading cause of death and disability combined (5·7% [5·1–6·2] of total DALYs) in 2019. From 1990 to 2019, the absolute number of incident strokes increased by 70·0% (67·0–73·0), prevalent strokes increased by 85·0% (83·0–88·0), deaths from stroke increased by 43·0% (31·0–55·0), and DALYs due to stroke increased by 32·0% (22·0–42·0). During the same period, age-standardised rates of stroke incidence decreased by 17·0% (15·0–18·0), mortality decreased by 36·0% (31·0–42·0), prevalence decreased by 6·0% (5·0–7·0), and DALYs decreased by 36·0% (31·0–42·0). However, among people younger than 70 years, prevalence rates increased by 22·0% (21·0–24·0) and incidence rates increased by 15·0% (12·0–18·0). In 2019, the age-standardised stroke-related mortality rate was 3·6 (3·5–3·8) times higher in the World Bank low-income group than in the World Bank high-income group, and the age-standardised stroke-related DALY rate was 3·7 (3·5–3·9) times higher in the low-income group than the high-income group. Ischaemic stroke constituted 62·4% of all incident strokes in 2019 (7·63 million [6·57–8·96]), while intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 27·9% (3·41 million [2·97–3·91]) and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 9·7% (1·18 million [1·01–1·39]). In 2019, the five leading risk factors for stroke were high systolic blood pressure (contributing to 79·6 million [67·7–90·8] DALYs or 55·5% [48·2–62·0] of total stroke DALYs), high body-mass index (34·9 million [22·3–48·6] DALYs or 24·3% [15·7–33·2]), high fasting plasma glucose (28·9 million [19·8–41·5] DALYs or 20·2% [13·8–29·1]), ambient particulate matter pollution (28·7 million [23·4–33·4] DALYs or 20·1% [16·6–23·0]), and smoking (25·3 million [22·6–28·2] DALYs or 17·6% [16·4–19·0]). Interpretation: The annual number of strokes and deaths due to stroke increased substantially from 1990 to 2019, despite substantial reductions in age-standardised rates, particularly among people older than 70 years. The highest age-standardised stroke-related mortality and DALY rates were in the World Bank low-income group. The fastest-growing risk factor for stroke between 1990 and 2019 was high body-mass index. Without urgent implementation of effective primary prevention strategies, the stroke burden will probably continue to grow across the world, particularly in low-income countries. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
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