IN VITRO SCREENING FOR ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ENZYME INHIBITION POTENTIAL OF MUTHU PARPAM – THERAPEUTIC LEAD FOR ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE

Objective: Siddha system is an ancient traditional system of medicine treats many chronic ailments and neurological disorders. Muthu parpam is one of the herbo marine Siddha drugs which have the indication for neurocognitive dysfunction. The main objective of this current study was to evaluate the acetylcholine esterase (AChE) inhibition of Muthu parpam. Methods: AChE activity was evaluated using a modified 96-well microplate assay based on Ellman’s method. Physostigmine (5, 10, 20, and 40 μg/ml) was used as the positive control. Results: The result of this study clearly indicates that the test drug Muthu Parpam was effective in inhibiting AChE enzyme at the specified concentration dose dependently. Maximum percentage inhibition of about 71.68% was observed at 500 μg/ml when compared to that of the Physostigmine, a known AChE inhibitor with the maximum inhibition 84.87% at the concentration of 40 μg/ml. Conclusion: Hence, this preliminary screening has proven the efficacy of Muthu parpam through AChE inhibition potential in the management of Alzheimer disease

Preclinical safety evaluation of Aadutheendapaalai Ver Chooranam

Aadutheendapaalai ver chooranam was taken as dissertation drug for the evaluation of its toxicity profile. This is a single drug formulation of Aadutheendapaalai ver administered with Water as adjuvant. The drug was chosen from the Siddha text Gunapadam mooligai vaguppu. The above drug is indicated for Toxic bite (Nanju kadigal), Intestinal worms (Kudarpuzhu) And Skin diseases (Pandri mamisa thol pondra padai). The raw drug were collected from land at Valayamadevi village, Cuddalore district and the drugs were identified and authenticated by Asst.Professor of Botany, National Institute of Siddha. The drug was underwent physicochemical, biochemical analysis, Phytocompound analysis using TLC and HPTLC techniques, Pesticide residual, Sterility by pour plate test and Aflatoxin assay. Acute and sub-acute toxicity studies were conducted as per OECD guideline. The weak acidic pH of AGC enhances the bioavailability of the drug. Decreased Water soluble ash value indicates easy facilitation of diffusion and osmosis mechanisms. The Ash value of the test drug shows the purity. The Biochemical analysis of drug contains Sulphate, Phosphate, Carbonate, Sulphide, Iron, Zinc, Calcium, Aluminum, Starch, Alkaloids, Amino acid. CONCLUSION: From the results of this study, the qualitative analysis of (AVC) reveals the Purity and Bioavailability of the drug. Toxicity studies states that there was no mortality and signs of toxicity observed for acute oral administration of AVC with the therapeutic dose (2000 mg/kg b.wt) in the prescribed manner. In sub-acute toxicity study there was no significant changes in haematological, biochemical parameter in AVC treated groups when compared to control group. The histopathology report also confirms that there are no remarkable cellular changes at all the dose levels. It clearly demonstrates that there was No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) up to the high dose level (1440 mg/kg b.wt). Based on these results it can be conclude that, the dose level of Aadutheendapaalai ver chooranam 2 to 4gm (Arai muthal oru varaagan alavu) mentioned in the Siddha literature Gunapadam mooligai vaguppu is safe dosage for human consumption. In upcoming days it should be carried out to study the pharmacological activity and clinical trial to prove the efficacy of the drug

Physico-chemical characterization of Annapavala Chenduram - A Siddha herbo marine formulation

Annapavala Chendhuram (APC) is the herbo – marine formulation in Siddha. Annabedhi (Green vitriol) is one of the Uparasam (Hydro chemicals) and Kodipavalam (Coral) is one of the Navamanigal (Nine gems). These both are the main ingredients of APC. Present day demand of Siddha formulations has been raised globally due to increased response towards Siddha system of medicine. Therefore, certain things like standardization, quality control, and safety became essential requirements for Siddha formulations. The test drug APC was prepared at Gunapadam (Pharmacology) lab of National Institute of Siddha, Chennai as per traditional method (incineration) mentioned in the classical texts. Physico‑chemical and instrumental analysis including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) was performed as per PLIM (Pharmacopeia Laboratory of Indian Medicine) guidelines. The pH of test drug APC was 8.34. It contains 0.56% acid insoluble ash and Solubility in the water was 6.75%. Quantitative measures of chloride, sulphate, carbonate, iron, calcium, sodium and potassium was 0.63%, 1.21%, 11.84%, 19.56%, 14.85%, 2.2%, 3.5% respectively. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis revealed that particle size of APC about 200nm. This study suggests that quality specifications of APC can be developed using parameters described in Siddha along with analytical tools available today.Tex