Synthesization And Characterization Of Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4) And Coconut Shell Husk Derived-Carbon Composite

One of the main environmental issues is industrial wastewater discharge. Water contamination by dye discharges from various industries such as paper making, textile dyeing, cosmetics, paints and food processing can affect human health if discharged into water because they are toxic, carcinogenic, and xenobiotic. Conventional photocatalyst like titanium dioxide (TiO2) is commonly used in Malaysia to treat dye wastewater. However, this semiconductor has their own drawbacks because of the huge band gap energy, which results in poor performances. The aims of this research are to create a synthesization graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and coconut shell husk derived carbon composite, and characterize its properties and activity as a catalyst. In this study, photocatalytic semiconductors will be prepared in the form of powders by synthetic methods like the hydrothermal method. Pure carbon and pure graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) will characterize by using x-ray diffractometer (XRD) and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX), fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), and ultraviolet visible spectroscope (UV-Vis) analyzer. Characterization is important step in studying the structure of the catalyst surface, composition of the catalyst, and the chemical properties of the catalyst. g-C3N4 is successfully fabricated due to the narrow band gap and discovered metal-free sonocatalyst. As a result, g-C3N4 can be used in the dye wastewater treatment. Apart from this, it can meet Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 6 (clean water and sanitation) because dye wastewater can be treated and dangerous contaminants such as toxics, carcinogens, and xenobiotics can be reduced. In short, it can help to reduce environmental problems while also protecting human health

Intraocular nematode with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis: case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Live intraocular nematode is a rare occurrence. Nematode can migrate actively within the eye, creating visual symptoms and damaging ocular tissue.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 26-year old man presented with painless reduced vision of the left eye for one week duration. It was associated with floaters. Visual acuity on the left eye was hand movement. Anterior segment examination was normal with normal intra-ocular pressure. Fundus examination showed a live nematode lying subretinally at the macular area with macular oedema and multifocal chorioretinal lesions at peripheral retina. There was no vitritis, vasculitis or any retinal hemorrhage. Systemic examination revealed normal findings and laboratory studies only showed leucocytosis with normal eosinophil count and negative serum toxocara antibody. The diagnosis of introcular nematode with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis was made. He was treated with oral anti-helminths and a course of oral steroid at a reducing dose. The nematode had died evidenced by its immobility during the treatment and finally disintegrated, leaving macular oedema with mottling appearance and mild hyperpigmentation. Multifocal chorioretinal lesions had also resolved. However despite treatment his visual acuity during follow-up had remained poor.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Cases of intraocular nematode, though not commonly encountered, continue to present the ophthalmologist with the problem of diagnosis and management and hence poorer prognosis to the patient.</p

Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis presenting with diplopia in pregnancy: a case report

Abstract Introduction Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis is a rare condition. The most frequent symptoms and signs are headache, focal seizures with or without secondary generalization, unilateral or bilateral paresis and papilledema. We report a case of transverse sinus and superior sagittal sinus thrombosis that presented with diplopia in a pregnant woman. Case presentation A 34-year-old Malay woman, gravida 3 para 2 at 8 weeks of pregnancy, was admitted for hyperemesis gravidarum, presented with sudden onset of diplopia, blurring of vision and headache. A magnetic resonance scan of her brain showed the presence of cerebral edema with no space occupying lesion, but magnetic resonance venography ultimately revealed right transverse sinus and superior sagittal sinus thrombosis. The patient was treated with anticoagulation for 1 year, after which the patient recovered fully. Conclusion Due to its diverse and varied neurological presentation, cerebral venous sinus thrombosis should be considered in almost any brain syndrome.</p