Physical performance disorder（Locomotive syndrome）closely relates to both hypertension and diabetes mellitus which are components of metabolic syndrome

Locomotive syndrome is physical performance disorder in the elderly person. The physical performance disorder can become cause of metabolic syndrome. This study focused on the locomotive syndrome’s relationship to the hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia which are components of the metabolic syndrome. To evaluate the locomotive syndrome, questionnaire score system : brand-new loco-check-score and established locomo-５-score were adopted. In the questionnaire, current medications were also listed especially about hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. A correlation between loco-check-score and locomo-５-score was statistically evaluated by Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Moreover correlations between body mass index（BMI）and loco-check-score, BMI and locomo-５-score were statistically evaluated by Spearman rank correlation coefficient. In a health consultation event, １４６ persons checked the questionnaire （mean age ７２．５yo）. Differences of the loco-check-score and the locomo-５-score in the hypertension-group, diabetes mellitus group, and the hyperlipidemia group were statistically evaluated by the Mann-Whitney U test respectively. Age matched persons with no medications comprised control groups. Significant differences were observed in the hypertension group and diabetes mellitus group both in the loco-check-score and locomo-５-score systems. These two groups showed significantly high loco-check-score and locomo-５-score than the control groups. The loco-check-score closely related to the locomo-５-score. On the other hand, no relations were observed between BMI and the loco-check-score, and between BMI and the locomo-５-score

Physical performance disorder（Locomotive syndrome）closely relates to both hypertension and diabetes mellitus which are components of metabolic syndrome

Locomotive syndrome is physical performance disorder in the elderly person. The physical performance disorder can become cause of metabolic syndrome. This study focused on the locomotive syndrome’s relationship to the hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia which are components of the metabolic syndrome. To evaluate the locomotive syndrome, questionnaire score system : brand-new loco-check-score and established locomo-５-score were adopted. In the questionnaire, current medications were also listed especially about hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. A correlation between loco-check-score and locomo-５-score was statistically evaluated by Spearman rank correlation coefficient. Moreover correlations between body mass index（BMI）and loco-check-score, BMI and locomo-５-score were statistically evaluated by Spearman rank correlation coefficient. In a health consultation event, １４６ persons checked the questionnaire （mean age ７２．５yo）. Differences of the loco-check-score and the locomo-５-score in the hypertension-group, diabetes mellitus group, and the hyperlipidemia group were statistically evaluated by the Mann-Whitney U test respectively. Age matched persons with no medications comprised control groups. Significant differences were observed in the hypertension group and diabetes mellitus group both in the loco-check-score and locomo-５-score systems. These two groups showed significantly high loco-check-score and locomo-５-score than the control groups. The loco-check-score closely related to the locomo-５-score. On the other hand, no relations were observed between BMI and the loco-check-score, and between BMI and the locomo-５-score

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient under maintenance haemodialysis: a case report

Abstract Background Endothelial dysfunction is common in patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis, and is a major cause of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Recently, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been shown to cause endothelial dysfunction by infecting vascular endothelial cells. Several cases of neurological complications in patients without kidney dysfunction, and only a few cases in patients with chronic kidney disease, have been reported in the literature. However, no previous report has yet described PRES associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection among patients undergoing maintenance dialysis. Case presentation A 54-year-old woman undergoing maintenance haemodialysis was admitted to our hospital for status epilepticus. She had developed end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) secondary to diabetic nephropathy. Seven days prior to admission, she had developed fever and was diagnosed with COVID-19. Subsequently her blood pressure increased from 160/90 mmHg to 190/100 mmHg. On admission, she presented with severe hypertension (> 220/150 mmHg), unconsciousness, and epilepticus. CT tomography revealed no signs of brain haemorrhage. Cranio-spinal fluid (CSF) examination revealed no signs of encephalitis, and CSF polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 was negative. MRI findings revealed focal T2/FLAIR hyperintensity in the bilateral parietooccipital regions, leading to the diagnosis of PRES. Deep sedation and strict blood pressure control resulted in a rapid improvement of her symptoms, and she was discharged without sequelae. Conclusions We report the first case of PRES associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in a patient undergoing maintenance haemodialysis. Patients undergoing maintenance haemodialysis are at high risk of PRES because of several risk factors. SARS-CoV-2 infection causes direct invasion of endothelial cells by binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), initiating cytokine release, and hypercoagulation, leading to vascular endothelial cell injury and increased vascular leakage. In the present case, SARS-CoV-2 infection possibly be associated with the development of PRES