Human boday damage analysis by SPH method

In order to evaluate the biological properties of a human head response at impacts accidents, authors have been developing the SPH (Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics) particle model of the whole human head and analyzing dynamically in simulating high velocity impact accident. In this report, authors have shown how to make a particle model of a head from real CT scan images directly and how to render the model in computer graphics using GPU and the algorithm for elastic-plastic analysis of a head model. The results from the simulations could explain one of injury mechanisms of a human head in actual car accidents

Stress and deformation of ceramic rolls to produce high quality zinc coated steel sheet

Several ceramic rolls can be used efficiently to produce high quality zinc coated steel sheet used for automobiles. Those ceramics rolls may provide a longer life and reduce the cost for the maintenance because of its large heat resistance and large wear resistance. One example may be seen in sink rolls used in molten zinc bath to manufacture zinc coated steel sheet. Since the rolls are subjected to large thermal stress and mechanical loading, care should be taken for the risk of fracture due to the ceramic brittleness. Moreover, since the sleeve and shafts can be connected only by using small shrink fitting ratio，another failure risk should be considered for the separation of those components [25, 26]. In this paper, therefore, the mechanical and thermal stress and separation condition will be investigated considering the separation of the connected portion. Here, by using the finite volume method the heat transfer coefficient is discussed and by using the finite element method the thermal stress is considered.12th International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures 10–12 July 2017, Kitakyushu, Japa

Coming out prevention by stopper for the shrink fitted sandwiched shaft from the ceramic sleeve

Ceramic roller can be used in the heating furnace conveniently because of its high temperature resistance. The roller consists of sleeve and steel shaft connected only under a small shrink fitting ratio because of the brittleness. However, the coming out of the shaft may often happen from the ceramic sleeve under repeated bending load. Therefore, how to prevent the coming out failure becomes an important issue. Based on the previous study, a two-dimensional shrink fitted structure is considered by replacing the shaft with the inner plate and by replacing the sleeve with the outer plate. Then, this research focuses on preventing the inner plate coming out from the outer plate by introducing a newly designed stopper on the outer plate. The simulation results shows that the coming out phenomenon can be prevented effectively due to the contact between the inter plate and the stopper installed on the outer plate. In order to evaluate the contact force between the inner plate and the stopper, the coming out mechanism is clarified. To prevent the coming out by stopper safely, the effects of the magnitude of repeated load and the friction coefficient upon the contact compressive force are investigated under large number of loading cycles by using 2D simulation.12th International Conference on Damage Assessment of Structures, 10–12 July 2017, Kitakyushu, Japa

Effects of Olibanum and Tea-tree, used in Aromatherapy today, on the Body and Mind

Olibanum (frankincense), used as a religious offering, has been one of the most valuable and respected substances since ancient times. Tea-tree, with a long history as a folk medicine for Australian aborigines, has been used in modern aromatherapy since the late 1970’s. In this paper, comparisons of olibanum and tea-tree in aromatherapy and their effects on the body and mind are discussed

The role of ribonucleases in regulating global mRNA levels in the model organism Thermus thermophilus HB8

BACKGROUND: RNA metabolism, including RNA synthesis and RNA degradation, is one of the most conserved biological systems and has been intensively studied; however, the degradation network of ribonucleases (RNases) and RNA substrates is not fully understood. RESULTS: The genome of the extreme thermophile, Thermus thermophilus HB8 includes 15 genes that encode RNases or putative RNases. Using DNA microarray analyses, we examined the effects of disruption of each RNase on mRNA abundance. Disruption of the genes encoding RNase J, RecJ-like protein and RNase P could not be isolated, indicating that these RNases are essential for cell viability. Disruption of the TTHA0252 gene, which was not previously considered to be involved in mRNA degradation, affected mRNA abundance, as did disruption of the putative RNases, YbeY and PhoH-like proteins, suggesting that they have RNase activity. The effects on mRNA abundance of disruption of several RNase genes were dependent on the phase of cell growth. Disruption of the RNase Y and RNase HII genes affected mRNA levels only during the log phase, whereas disruption of the PhoH-like gene affected mRNA levels only during the stationary phase. Moreover, disruption of the RNase R and PNPase genes had a greater impact on mRNA abundance during the stationary phase than the log phase, whereas the opposite was true for the TTHA0252 gene disruptant. Similar changes in mRNA levels were observed after disruption of YbeY or PhoH-like genes. The changes in mRNA levels in the bacterial Argonaute disruptant were similar to those in the RNase HI and RNase HII gene disruptants, suggesting that bacterial Argonaute is a functional homolog of RNase H. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that T. thermophilus HB8 has 13 functional RNases and that each RNase has a different function in the cell. The putative RNases, TTHA0252, YbeY and PhoH-like proteins, are suggested to have RNase activity and to be involved in mRNA degradation. In addition, PhoH-like and YbeY proteins may act cooperatively in the stationary phase. This study also suggests that endo-RNases function mainly during the log phase, whereas exo-RNases function mainly during the stationary phase. RNase HI and RNase HII may have similar substrate selectivity

Application of Large Ceramics Structures to Steel Manufacturing Machinery

Large ceramics structurers may be useful for several situations in steel manufacturing machinery because of their high abrasion and corrosion resistances. In this study, new roll structure is considered where a ceramics sleeve is connected with steel shafts at both ends by shrink gitting, which can be used in the continuous pickling line. Here, the ceramics sleeve may provide a longer lifetime and reduces the cost for the maintenance. However, attention should be paid to the maximum tensile stresses appearing between the ceramics sleeve, space rings and steel shafts because the fracture toughness, plasticity and fatigue strengths of ceramics are extremely lower than the values of steel. In this study, therefore, finite element method analysis is applied to the new structure, and the maximum tensile stress and stress ampliture have been investigated with varying the dimensions of the strucure. Both of static and fatigue strengths of ceramics are considered under several geometrical conditions. It is found that the large ceramics structures are suitable for several steel manufacturing rolls

Studies of Enlargement of Farm Management in the Steep Slope Region of Mountainous Area : I. Research of the Actual Conditions of Farming with Special Reference of Dairying

わが国では酪農の規模は一般に小さく,特に急傾斜地体では粗飼料生産が酪農の規模拡大の制限因子となっており,酪農経営の規模は小さい. この研究調査は急傾斜地体の農業経営の規模拡大による所得増加の方法を研究するための基礎調査として徳島県脇町暮畑地区の8戸の酪農経営につき行なったものである

Studies of Enlargement of Farm Management in the Steep Slope Region of Mountainous Area : II. A Plan for Farm Management in the Steep Slope by Linner Programming Method

急傾斜地の農業経営の安定をはかり,農家の所得を増すために,徳島県美馬郡脇町暮畑部落について,2ヵ年間の農業経営の実態調査に基き,線型計画法によって将来の営農設計を行なった. この地区に適し,現在の基幹作目となっている稲作,煙草,乳牛について単体表を作成し,電子計算機を用いて計算した. この結果,他の作目は土地,労働力,その他の制約が大きいので利益を増すには,酪農の規模を拡大することがもっとも有利であることが示された. 高度の飼養,管理技術を前提とするならば,酪農の規模は粗飼料の給与率を低くする程,その拡大が可能であり,利益の増加をもたらすことが示された

Human NINEIN polymorphism at codon 1111 is associated with the risk of colorectal cancer

NINEIN serves an essential role in centrosome function as a microtubule organizing center, and in the reformation of the interphase centrosome architecture following mitosis. In the present study, the association between NINEIN Pro1111Ala (rs2236316), a missense single nucleotide polymorphism, and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), related to smoking and alcohol consumption habits in 200 patients with CRC and 1,141 cancer‑free control participants were assessed in a case‑control study performed in Japan. The results showed that the NINEIN Ala/Ala genotype compared with the Pro/Pro genotype was significantly more associated with an increased risk of CRC, and the males with the Ala/Ala genotype exhibited a significantly increased risk of CRC compared with those with Pro/Pro and Pro/Ala genotypes. Stratified analyses of the Ala/Ala genotype with CRC risk further showed an increased association in never/light drinkers (<23 g of ethanol/day), in male never/light drinkers and in male patients with rectal cancer. These findings suggest that the genetic variant of the NINEIN Pro1111Ala polymorphism has a significant effect on CRC susceptibility in the Japanese population

Human RAD 17 Polymorphism at Codon 546 Is Associated with the Risk of Colorectal Cancer

Human RAD17 acts as an activator of checkpoint signals in response to DNA damage. Here we evaluated the association of hRAD17 Leu546Arg (rs1045051), a missense single nucleotide polymorphism, with the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in relation to smoking and alcohol consumption habits in 212 CRC patients and 1,142 cancer-free controls in a case-control study conducted in Japan. The results showed that the hRAD17 Leu/Arg genotype compared to the Leu/Leu genotypes was significantly associated with the protective effect on CRC risk with the adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 0.68 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49−0.95, p=0.024], and the males with the Arg/Arg genotype had a greater risk of CRC compared to those with the Leu/Leu and Leu/Arg genotypes (OR=1.87, 95%CI 1.03−3.40, p=0.04). In stratified studies, the protective effect of the Leu/Arg genotype on CRC risk was markedly higher in the light smokers (< 20 pack years) (OR=0.61, 95%CI 0.40−0.94, p=0.024) and the rectal cancer patients (OR=0.49, 95%CI 0.31−0.78, p=0.003). The risk of the Arg/Arg genotype was associated with heavy smoking (≥ 20 pack-years) (OR=2.24, 95%CI 1.09−4.61, p=0.03). These findings suggest that the genetic variant of hRAD17 Leu546Arg polymorphism has a significant effect on CRC susceptibility in Japanese