Metodologija za analizo kriterijev alternativ ob izbiri novega proizvoda

This paper presents the methodology used in the research of a complex problem in business decision-making: determining the relative importance of criteria when selecting a new product. It facilitates obtaining recommendations for defining the relative importance of criteria and sub-criteria for selecting a new product depending on the current situation in the company (which is selecting the new product) and its setting. By applying this methodology, dependence of the criteria-relative importance for selecting a new product on the company’s degree of success can be determined. For that reason, the whole procedure has a dynamic character, and can be applied in different situations and at different times of observation. The recommendations obtained represent the input data and support for subsequent multicriteria ranking of alternatives for new products. The methodology is confirmed in practice; however this paper does not give ample details related to this, because of the aim of stressing the research procedure of criteria for selecting a new product, as well as its importance. Also, the applied procedure has importance because of its universality, given that it can also be applied to the research of the criteria for other decision- making issues, with or without adequate adaptations. Key words: methodology, research, criteria for selecting a new product.Prispevek obravnava metodologijo uporabljeno pri raziskavi kompleksnih problemov pri poslovnem odločanju: določitev relativne pomembnosti kriterijev ob izboru novega proizvoda. Metodologija podpira generiranje predlogov za definicijo relativne pomembnosti kriterijev in podkriterijev za izbiro novega proizvoda glede na trenutno situacijo v podjetju (ki izbira nov proizvod) in stanje. Z uporabo predlagane metodologije lahko določimo vpliv relativne pomembnosti kriterijev za izbor novega proizvoda na stopnjo uspešnosti podjetja. Zaradi omenjenega ima celotna procedura dinamičen značaj in je lahko uporabljena v različnih situacijah ter ob različnih časih opazovanja. Oblikovani predlogi predstavljajo vhodne podatke ter podporo sledečemu večkriterijskemu rangiranju alternativ za nove proizvode. Metodologija je potrjena v praksi vendar pričujoči prispevek ne podaja podrobnosti v zvezi s tem, saj je cilj prispevka predstavitev raziskovalne procedure na področju določitve kriterijev pri izboru novega proizvoda kakor tudi opredelitev pomembnosti le-te. Poleg tega je uporabljena procedura pomembna zaradi svoje univerzalnosti saj jo lahko uporabimo pri opredelitvi kriterijev v drugih odločitvenih situacijah z ali brez dodatnih sprememb. Ključne besede: metodologija, raziskave, kriteriji za izbiro novega proizvod

Designing interior space for drivers of passenger vehicle

U radu je dat pregled naših prethodnih istraživanja uz dodatna unapređenja, tako da je dokazana hipoteza da putničko vozilo još uvek nije ergonomski prilagođeno čoveku u dovoljnoj meri, posebno u delu unutrašnjeg prostora za smeštaj i upotrebu nožnih komandi. U ergonomskom prilagođavanju putničkog vozila najznačajnija su tehnička i antropometrijska ograničenja. Pri samom istraživanju je u najvećoj meri korišćena metodologija operacionih istraživanja, tako da su ciljevi opisani funkcijom cilja, dok se sistem 'čovek-vozilo' optimizira uz postojanje ograničenja. U savremenim zaoštrenim ekonomskim i ekološkim zahtevima održivog razvoja u ovom radu je ostvaren cilj konstrukcije unutrašnjeg prostora standardnog putničkog vozila sa optimalnom čeonom površinom i koeficijentom otpora vazduha. Data je originalna metodologija za određivanje unutrašnjeg prostora putničkog vozila. Činjenica da postoji '0' tačka kao ishodište koordinatnog sistema sa x, y i z osom sistema čovek - vozilo, koja se može smatrati približno fiksnom, omogućila je tačnije određivanje mehaničkih i matematičkih zavisnosti u ovom sistemu. U radu je dokazano da antropomere po dužini imaju mehaničke i matematičke funkcije koje određuju i širinu, odnosno sve tri dimenzije prostora. Data je i konstrukcija za prostor iza vetrobranskog stakla, položaj volana, prostor i položaj nožnih komandi, kao i ukupnog prostora za vozača. Dokazano je da na visinu od poda do krova vozila najveći uticaj imaju antropomere visine sedenja i potkolenice, dok na širinu antropomere potkolenice i natkolenice, a tek onda širina ramena, tako je unutrašnji prostor za vozače putničkog vozila određen visinom 1.250 mm i širinom za raširena kolena na nivo sedišta 926 mm.The current study is a review of our previous papers with certain improvements, so it proves the hypothesis that passenger vehicles are still not sufficiently adapted to man in terms of ergonomics, especially from the aspect of interior space. In the ergonomic adjustment of passenger vehicles, the limits of anthropomeasures and technical limitations, are the most important. The methodology mainly uses operative investigations, and the 'man-vehicle' system is optimized within existing limitations. Here, we also explain original methodology for modeling that space. The fact that there is a point '0' as the origin point of a coordinate system with x, y and z axes of the man-vehicle system, which can be considered to be more or less fixed, enabled us to determine more accurately the mechanical and mathematical codependence in this system. The paper also proves that the anthropomeasures of length have mechanical and mathematical functions which also determine the width, i.e. all three dimensions and provides the design of the space behind the windscreen glass, the position of the steering wheel and the position of the foot commands with space for feet and knees determined, as well as the total space which the driver occupies. It is proved that the floor-ceiling height of a vehicle is primarily affected by the anthropomeasures of seating height and lower leg, while width is affected by the anthropomeasures of lower and upper leg and only then by shoulder width, so that the interior space for the driver of a passenger vehicle is 1250 mm and the width for knees spread at seat level is 926 mm maximum

Designing interior space for drivers of passenger vehicle

U radu je dat pregled naših prethodnih istraživanja uz dodatna unapređenja, tako da je dokazana hipoteza da putničko vozilo još uvek nije ergonomski prilagođeno čoveku u dovoljnoj meri, posebno u delu unutrašnjeg prostora za smeštaj i upotrebu nožnih komandi. U ergonomskom prilagođavanju putničkog vozila najznačajnija su tehnička i antropometrijska ograničenja. Pri samom istraživanju je u najvećoj meri korišćena metodologija operacionih istraživanja, tako da su ciljevi opisani funkcijom cilja, dok se sistem 'čovek-vozilo' optimizira uz postojanje ograničenja. U savremenim zaoštrenim ekonomskim i ekološkim zahtevima održivog razvoja u ovom radu je ostvaren cilj konstrukcije unutrašnjeg prostora standardnog putničkog vozila sa optimalnom čeonom površinom i koeficijentom otpora vazduha. Data je originalna metodologija za određivanje unutrašnjeg prostora putničkog vozila. Činjenica da postoji '0' tačka kao ishodište koordinatnog sistema sa x, y i z osom sistema čovek - vozilo, koja se može smatrati približno fiksnom, omogućila je tačnije određivanje mehaničkih i matematičkih zavisnosti u ovom sistemu. U radu je dokazano da antropomere po dužini imaju mehaničke i matematičke funkcije koje određuju i širinu, odnosno sve tri dimenzije prostora. Data je i konstrukcija za prostor iza vetrobranskog stakla, položaj volana, prostor i položaj nožnih komandi, kao i ukupnog prostora za vozača. Dokazano je da na visinu od poda do krova vozila najveći uticaj imaju antropomere visine sedenja i potkolenice, dok na širinu antropomere potkolenice i natkolenice, a tek onda širina ramena, tako je unutrašnji prostor za vozače putničkog vozila određen visinom 1.250 mm i širinom za raširena kolena na nivo sedišta 926 mm.The current study is a review of our previous papers with certain improvements, so it proves the hypothesis that passenger vehicles are still not sufficiently adapted to man in terms of ergonomics, especially from the aspect of interior space. In the ergonomic adjustment of passenger vehicles, the limits of anthropomeasures and technical limitations, are the most important. The methodology mainly uses operative investigations, and the 'man-vehicle' system is optimized within existing limitations. Here, we also explain original methodology for modeling that space. The fact that there is a point '0' as the origin point of a coordinate system with x, y and z axes of the man-vehicle system, which can be considered to be more or less fixed, enabled us to determine more accurately the mechanical and mathematical codependence in this system. The paper also proves that the anthropomeasures of length have mechanical and mathematical functions which also determine the width, i.e. all three dimensions and provides the design of the space behind the windscreen glass, the position of the steering wheel and the position of the foot commands with space for feet and knees determined, as well as the total space which the driver occupies. It is proved that the floor-ceiling height of a vehicle is primarily affected by the anthropomeasures of seating height and lower leg, while width is affected by the anthropomeasures of lower and upper leg and only then by shoulder width, so that the interior space for the driver of a passenger vehicle is 1250 mm and the width for knees spread at seat level is 926 mm maximum

Reduction of production cycle time by optimising production and non-production components of time in the metalworking industry: a case study

The production cycle (PC) time, as a very important economic indicator of freezing current assets, involves the time needed to manufacture a unit or a series of units, from putting them into production until they are put into storage; and yet it is rarely discussed in the literature, even though it should be also analysed and be made as short as possible. The goal of this article is to survey and control the methodology of reducing the PC time of components in the metalworking industry, grouped by factor analysis into the factors of production and non-production components, observed by a modified method of current observations, and viewed as a process whose effectiveness was monitored using control charts. The survey is based on data collected through 1,576 observations in a Serbian company that manufactures electrical and electronic equipment for motor vehicles. The 2012 results, when compared with those of 2011, indicate that the PC time is significantly reduced by 93 minutes, or by 28.53 per cent, and the manufacturing time by 46 minutes, or by 19.17 per cent. The results furnish empirical findings that provide insights into a number of managerial issues concerning investment decisions in product-specific cycle time improvements and reductions, together with process redesigns

Reduction of production cycle time by optimising production and non-production components of time in the metalworking industry: a case study

The production cycle (PC) time, as a very important economic indicator of freezing current assets, involves the time needed to manufacture a unit or a series of units, from putting them into production until they are put into storage; and yet it is rarely discussed in the literature, even though it should be also analysed and be made as short as possible. The goal of this article is to survey and control the methodology of reducing the PC time of components in the metalworking industry, grouped by factor analysis into the factors of production and non-production components, observed by a modified method of current observations, and viewed as a process whose effectiveness was monitored using control charts. The survey is based on data collected through 1,576 observations in a Serbian company that manufactures electrical and electronic equipment for motor vehicles. The 2012 results, when compared with those of 2011, indicate that the PC time is significantly reduced by 93 minutes, or by 28.53 per cent, and the manufacturing time by 46 minutes, or by 19.17 per cent. The results furnish empirical findings that provide insights into a number of managerial issues concerning investment decisions in product-specific cycle time improvements and reductions, together with process redesigns

A stochastic model to determine the elements of production cycle time in enterprise

A model for the stochastic determination of the elements of production cycle time is proposed and experimentally verified in this survey. The originality of the model is reflected in the idea of using a work sampling model to monitor the production cycle, as one of the most significant indicators of production effectiveness and efficiency, instead of applying classical methods. It has been experimentally proved that for a corresponding representative set the elements of working time range according to normal distribution law and that, dynamically viewed, it is possible using mean value calculations to establish control limits on 3 standard deviations for the individual elements of working time and thus to master the process

Production cycle time reduction in low and medium-low-tech companies: a case study for Serbia

Srbija je zemlja u razvoju, što između ostalog podrazumijeva nerazvijenu industrijsku bazu. Činjenica je da više od dvije trećine svih Srpskih industrija uključuje tvrtke na niskom i srednje niskom tehnološkom stupnju. Te tvrtke trebaju implementirati alate i metode koji su jednostavni i zahtijevaju male troškove, ali su učinkoviti i korisni u smislu da će povećati produktivnost i kvalitetu proizvoda. Ovaj članak predlaže jednu takvu metodu za dobivanje vremenskih komponenti proizvodnog ciklusa i provjerava njenu učinkovitost kroz studiju slučaja provedenu tijekom tri godine u jednoj srpskoj tvrtki. Praktični rezultat ovog istraživanja je da primjena predložene metode dovodi do smanjenja vremena proizvodnog ciklusa, povećanja proizvodnog vremena, povećanja proizvodnje i povećanja ukupnog zadovoljstva i angažmana izvršitelja.Serbia is a developing country, which among other things implies underdeveloped industrial base. A fact is that more than two thirds of all Serbian industry includes low-tech and medium-low-tech companies. These companies should implement tools and methods that are simple and low cost, but effective and helpful in a way that will increase their productivity and product quality. This paper suggests such a method for obtaining production cycle time components, and verifies it through a case study conducted during three years in one Serbian company. Practical result of this research is that application of the proposed method leads to reducing production cycle time, increasing production time, increasing production and increasing overall satisfaction and engagement of the executor