Performance of the QuickVue Influenza A+B Test, Managua, Nicaragua, 2008.

<p>Performance of the QuickVue Influenza A+B Test, Managua, Nicaragua, 2008.</p

Demographic description of study participants, Managua, Nicaragua, 2008.

<p>Demographic description of study participants, Managua, Nicaragua, 2008.</p

Agreement between the QuickVue Influenza A+B test and RT-PCR, Managua, Nicaragua, 2008.

<p>Agreement between the QuickVue Influenza A+B test and RT-PCR, Managua, Nicaragua, 2008.</p

Performance of the QuickVue Influenza A+B Test in children by day post-onset of symptoms, Managua, Nicaragua, 2008.

<p>Note: Day 1 refers to the day of symptom onset.</p

Flowchart of sample selection, Managua, Nicaragua, 2008.

<p>Flowchart diagramming the selection of samples used to analyze the performance of the QuickVue Influenza A+B rapid test. Due to complications related to transport and sample separation, samples (n = 37) collected during holiday periods lasting longer than 3 days did not undergo RT-PCR and therefore were not included in this study.</p

Presentation of signs of poor peripheral perfusion in hospital study dengue cases, 2005–9 vs. 2009–10.

<p><i>A</i>, cold extremities, <i>B</i>, poor capillary refill (>2 sec), and <i>C</i>, compensated shock. Left panel, frequency of presentation by day; right panel, Kaplan-Meier survival function adjusted for early presentation (days 1–3 after onset of fever).</p

Relative risk of DFCS and DFCS/DSS/DSAS in 2009–10 in DENV-3 cases, Hospital Study.

1<p>Relative risk for the events are adjusted for dengue season (2009–10 and 2010–11, with 2008–9 as reference), immune response (primary versus secondary DENV infection), age (<5 versus ≥5 years old), sex, and early presentation (≤3 days versus >3 days since onset of symptoms). Year 2009–10 emerged as the only significant risk factor in all models, with values as indicated.</p

Year 2009–10 as most significant risk factor in Cox regression models of compensated shock, DENV-3 cases, Hospital Study, 2005–11.

1<p>Cox regression models were created to determine risk factors associated with “compensated shock”, poor capillary refill, and cold extremities in DENV-3 cases from the Hospital study, controlling for dengue season (2009–10 and 2010–11, with 2005–9 as reference), immune response (primary versus secondary DENV infection), age (<5 versus ≥5 years old), sex, and early presentation (≤3 days versus >3 days since onset of symptoms). Year 2009–10 emerged as the most significant risk factor in all models, with values as indicated.</p

Demographic and clinical characteristics of DENV-3 cases, Hospital Study, 2005–11.

1<p>In the hospital study, immune response is known in 109, 168, and 99 DENV-3 cases in years 2008–9, 2009–10, and 2010–11, respectively.</p>2<p>Hemorrhagic manifestations do not include laboratory values and are defined as presence of any of the following clinical signs and symptoms: petechiae, rash, positive tourniquet test, bruising, hematoma, hemoptysis, epistaxis, gingivorrhagia, melena, hematemesis, hematuria, subconjunctival hemorrhage, vaginal hemorrhage, hypermenorrhea and excessive bleeding at puncture site.</p>3<p>p-values were calculated using the Chi-square tests, except for mean age and mean day of presentation, for which Mann-Whitney t-tests were applied.</p

Classification of severity among confirmed dengue cases by year.

<p>Dengue cases were classified according to WHO classification (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever and Dengue Shock Syndrome), Dengue Fever with Compensated Shock (DFCS), and Dengue with Signs Associated with Shock (DSAS), in <i>A</i>, cohort study, 2004–10, and <i>B</i>, hospital study, 2005–10.</p