A simple method for the determination of slowly varying refractive index profiles from in situ spectrophotometric measurements

Reliable control of the deposition process of optical films and coatings frequently requires monitoring of the refractive index profile throughout the layer. In the present work a simple in situ approach is proposed which uses a WKBJ matrix representation of the optical transfer function of a single thin film on a substrate. Mathematical expressions are developed which represent the minima and maxima envelopes of the curves transmittance-vs-time and reflectance-vs-time. The refractive index and extinction coefficient depth profiles of different films are calculated from simulated spectra as well as from experimental data obtained during PECVD of silicon-compound films. Variation of the deposition rate with time is also evaluated from the position of the spectra extrema as a function of time. The physical and mathematical limitations of the method are discussed.Comment: 10 pages, 11 figures, REVTeX, to be published in Applied Optic

Paul Bacot. Les mots des élections

Les mots des élections, paru au printemps 2012, dans la collection « Les mots de » des Presses universitaires du Mirail et rédigé par Paul Bacot – professeur de science politique à l’IEP de Lyon et spécialiste de politologie lexicale –, a comme objectif affiché de proposer un abécédaire permettant de décrypter les élections « en général », même si les élections présidentielles et législatives constituent le cœur de l’analyse. Autour de l’abécédaire figurent quelques compléments essentiels à l..

Paul Bacot. Les mots des élections

Les mots des élections, paru au printemps 2012, dans la collection « Les mots de » des Presses universitaires du Mirail et rédigé par Paul Bacot – professeur de science politique à l’IEP de Lyon et spécialiste de politologie lexicale –, a comme objectif affiché de proposer un abécédaire permettant de décrypter les élections « en général », même si les élections présidentielles et législatives constituent le cœur de l’analyse. Autour de l’abécédaire figurent quelques compléments essentiels à l..

Honouring the tensions : corporate boards at the interface of corporate governance and corporate social responsibility

University of Technology Sydney. Faculty of Business.The operating environment for business has become increasingly complex and interconnected. Globalisation, privatisation and deregulation have meant that corporations have moved far beyond their traditional sphere of influence, giving rise to emergent social, environmental and economic challenges. In response, an evolving corporate social responsibility (CSR) institutional infrastructure has generated a series of voluntary, multi-stakeholder initiatives. Despite their success, unresolved tensions within the institutional field persist whereby a shareholder primacy approach to corporate governance (CG) continues to dominate the broader multi-stakeholder concept of CSR. Whilst increasing numbers of companies report annually on commitments made to such initiatives, the level of engagement of directors of boards, who are ultimately responsible for the CG of their organisations, is not yet understood. This thesis investigated the gap in both theory and practice at the interface of CSR and CG, exploring beliefs and practices amongst key actors with a primary research focus on boards. The research addressed methodological and conceptual biases in the literature to take a qualitative, interpretive and exploratory approach. Research methods were inductive, adopting constructivist grounded theory to enable a multi-level exploration through the sensemaking of individuals at the CG/CSR interface. The research design employed multi-methods—combining individual interviews, focus groups and ‘directors’ conversations’ to answer calls to access the ‘black box’ of corporate boards and the lack of qualitative research at the interface of CG/CSR. The research sample was predominantly Australian, linked to an international context. The grounded data analysis allowed beliefs and practices associated with logics to emerge inductively from the data. Findings revealed a complex interplay of inherent tensions and multiple institutional demands. Institutional logics recognise that organisations inhabit pluralistic institutional environments and their governance provides an important setting from which to map multiple and potentially conflicting logics. Adapting Besharov and Smith’s (2014) model of logic multiplicity, I developed a conceptual framework of beliefs and practices of board members and relevant actors at the CG/CSR interface: self-reinforcing systems that maintain a dominant market logic are being challenged by changing societal expectations. Board members navigate this complexity, giving rise to aligned, contested or estranged typologies of multiple logics. Opportunities for future research at the interface of CG and CSR conclude the thesis

P4_4 Planet Kayakers

During this paper we investigate how the different surface gravity [1] present on other bodies within our solar system affects the size and shape of hydraulic jumps in rivers. We find that the ratio of height to length of the hydraulic jump is a constant, to 3 significant figures. This is due to the fact that on bodies with low surface gravity the wave is taller but longer and for high surface gravity the wave is lower in height but shorter in length. We conclude that any body, apart from Jupiter as it violates the initial conditions needed to form a hydraulic jump, would create waves that could be surfed by kayakers and surfers

Luciano BARDI, Hanspeter KRIESI and Alexander H. TRECHSEL (eds), 2014, Elections in Europe in Times of Crisis. Contributions from the 2013 EUDO Dissemination Conference, Florence, European University Institute, eBook.

Cet ouvrage collectif, issu de deux journées d’études organisées à Florence, en novembre 2013, par l’European Union Democracy Observatory, dresse un état des lieux de la démocratie en Europe à partir de l’analyse des élections qui s’y déroulent dans le prolongement de la crise économique de 2008. Un état des lieux qui, à la veille du scrutin européen de 2014, semble particulièrement nécessaire aux éditeurs de l’ouvrage. Ces élections sont en effet à la fois les premières après l’entrée en vig..

P4_7 It's a Man Eat Man World

In this paper we calculated how long the human race would last if it resorted to cannibalism andonly cannibalism. We took into account how many calories a human is comprised of, using thevalue for an average human male, and that each human will consume exactly 2500 kcal a day in accordance with the recommended calorie intake for men. Using a decay model, we found that 1 person would be left alive after 1149 days