20 research outputs found
Southern Ocean cloud and aerosol data: a compilation of measurements from the 2018 Southern Ocean Ross Sea Marine Ecosystems and Environment voyage
Due to its remote location and extreme weather conditions, atmospheric in situ
measurements are rare in the Southern Ocean. As a result, aerosolâcloud
interactions in this region are poorly understood and remain a major source of
uncertainty in climate models. This, in turn, contributes substantially to
persistent biases in climate model simulations such as the well-known positive
shortwave radiation bias at the surface, as well as biases in numerical
weather prediction models and reanalyses. It has been shown in previous
studies that in situ and ground-based remote sensing measurements across the
Southern Ocean are critical for complementing satellite data sets due to the
importance of boundary layer and low-level cloud processes. These processes
are poorly sampled by satellite-based measurements and are often obscured by
multiple overlying cloud layers. Satellite measurements also do not constrain
the aerosolâcloud processes very well with imprecise estimation of cloud
condensation nuclei. In this work, we present a comprehensive set of ship-based
aerosol and meteorological observations collected on the 6-week
Southern Ocean Ross Sea Marine Ecosystem and Environment voyage
(TAN1802) voyage of RVÂ Tangaroa across the Southern Ocean, from Wellington, New Zealand, to
the Ross Sea, Antarctica. The voyage was carried out from 8Â February to
21Â March 2018. Many distinct, but contemporaneous, data sets were collected
throughout the voyage. The compiled data sets include measurements from a
range of instruments, such as (i) meteorological conditions at the sea surface
and profile measurements; (ii) the size and concentration of particles; (iii)
trace gases dissolved in the ocean surface such as dimethyl sulfide and
carbonyl sulfide; (iv) and remotely sensed observations of low clouds. Here,
we describe the voyage, the instruments, and data processing, and provide a brief
overview of some of the data products available. We encourage the scientific
community to use these measurements for further analysis and model evaluation
studies, in particular, for studies of Southern Ocean clouds, aerosol, and
their interaction. The data sets presented in this study are publicly
available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4060237 (Kremser et al., 2020)
Respiration and substrate transport rates as well as reactive oxygen species production distinguish mitochondria from brain and liver
Intensive commercial agriculture in fragile uplands of Vietnam : how to harness its poverty reduction potential while ensuring environmental sustainability ?
SIGLEAvailable from British Library Document Supply Centre-DSC:DXN019481 / BLDSC - British Library Document Supply CentreGBUnited Kingdo
Why do people not learn from flood disasters ? Evidence from Vietnam's northwestern mountains
This article explores how the causes and impacts of a flood event as perceived by local people shape immediate responses and future mitigation efforts in mountainous northwest Vietnam. Local flood perception is contrasted with scientific perspectives to determine whether a singular flood event will trigger adjustments in mitigation strategies in an otherwise rarely flood-affected area. We present findings from interdisciplinary research drawing on both socioeconomic and biophysical data. Evidence suggests that individual farmersâ willingness to engage in flood mitigation is curbed by the common perception that flooding is caused by the interplay of a bundle of external factors, with climatic factors and water management failures being the most prominent ones. Most farmers did not link the severity of flooding to existing land use systems, thus underlining the lack of a sense of personal responsibility among farmers for flood mitigation measures. We conclude that local governments cannot depend on there being a sufficient degree of intrinsic motivation among farmers to make them implement soil conservation techniques to mitigate future flooding. Policy makers will need to design measures to raise farmersâ awareness of the complex interplay between land use and hydrology and to enhance collective action in soil conservation by providing appropriate incentives and implementing coherent long-term strategies