PREVALANCE, CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, POSSIBLE ETIOLOGICALAND DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH IN DOGS WITH ACRAL LICK DERMATITIS

Acral lick dermatitis (ALD) is a chronic irritating skin disease in dogs caused by excessive licking of specified skin areas. The objective of the present study was to investigate the clinical characteristics and diagnostic approach and to classify the possible etiologies of ALD in dogs. Case investigation forALD included a recording of thorough history presenting, clinical signs and signs associated with the lesion, laboratory and orthopedic investigations, cytological examination, and biopsy/histopathology and hematology. Among the dermatological cases, the overall prevalence of ALD was 7.27%. Prevalence of ALD was higher in young (1-3years) age group dogs predominantly in male dogs during winter months with temperature <200C and Labrador retriever was the most commonly affected breed. Possible etiologies in 30 cases diagnosed with ALD were psychogenic triggers (19 cases, 63.33%) followed by only organic triggers (9 cases, 30%) and a combination of primary organic triggers with perpetuating psychogenic triggers (2 cases, 6.66%). The left forelimb (40%) followed by the right forelimb (13.33%) were the most affected limbs with ALD. Lesion characteristics observed were alopecia in 27 dogs (90%), circumscribed lesions in 16 dogs (53.33%), induration and firmness in 15 dogs (50%), ulceration in 14 dogs (46.66%), and moist lesions in 14 dogs (46.66%). The most common clinical signs associated with the disease were licking of paws in both organic and psychogenic triggers and additionally pruritus and erythema. Cytological examination of the lesions revealed chronic active inflammation in 24 cases and purulent inflammation in 6 cases. Histopathological findings of ALD lesion illustrated hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, and dermal fibrosis with vertical streaking. Stress polycythemia was a consistent finding recorded with only psychogenic triggers

Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, Lady Hardinge Medical College and Associated Shrimati Sucheta Kriplani Hospital, Connaught Place, New Delhi, India

Background: Currently phenylephrine (PE) is recommended to treat hypotension after spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery (CD). Recently low dose norepinephrine has been proposed as effective alternative with advantage of less depression of maternal heart rate and cardiac output.Methods: This was prospective observational study in women scheduled for CD under spinal anesthesia, patients received either PE 100 µg (group PE) or norepinephrine 8 µg (group NE). Primary objective was to study the difference in umbilical artery pH with use of both drugs. The secondary objectives were to compare maternal hemodynamics, number of boluses required and neonatal outcome.Results: Total 593 patients were enrolled and 226 patients who developed post-spinal hypotension were analysed, 106 patients received PE and 120 patients received norepinephrine. Umbilical artery pH was similar in both groups (p=0.199) but in fetal distress, pH was acidotic in both groups with a greater dip with PE than norepinephrine (p<0.001). Incidence of bradycardia was significantly higher with PE (p<0.001) and number of boluses was greater with norepinephrine. No difference observed in episodes of hypotension and neonatal outcome. Conclusions: Fetal pH was maintained within normal range with both drugs but in fetal distress, fetal pH was acidotic in both groups, however better maintained with norepinephrine than PE. Norepinephrine was as effective as PE for post-spinal hypotension, with lower incidence of bradycardia and similar neonatal outcome. Norepinephrine is recommended to prevent hypotension in CD, particularly in fetal distress. However, further research is needed to confirm this

Working Paper No. 269 Monsoon 2013: Estimating the Impact on Agriculture

Abstract.................................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgement................................................................................................................. ii

Method development for determination of residual Chlorpyrifos in the grapes by Tlc-fid

Abstract Background Fruits and vegetables are daily staple food of human community. It is important to include fruits and vegetables in our daily diet to remain healthy and active. Even though fruits and vegetables are healthy, but they are equally prone to pests and diseases which attack them during their time of production as well as storage, thus, degrading their yield and quality. So, to prevent these issues farmers use high amount of pesticides and other products, this enters in our body orally. A large amount of pesticides gets removed from the human body in the form of urine and fecal matter but, still some pesticides (especially chlorpyrifos) are very persistent and can remain in human body for a long term. This study aims at the presentation of a method for the determination of chlorpyrifos from grapes sample by TLC-FID technique. The residue of pesticides was extracted from the sample in ethyl acetate. The grapes sample was macerated, extracted, filtered and analyzed by the proposed method. The analyzed sample showed chlorpyrifos contamination even in the lowest amount taken for analysis. Results The TLC-FID technique using mobile phase consist of hexane: acetone (9:1, v/v)has been found to be more effective and less tedious as chromarods were used for performing chromatographic separation. Chlorpyrifos were extracted from the samples by liquid-liquid extraction before the analysis. The method developed can be used to detect chlorpyrifos residues in a concentration as minimum as 0.02 mg/Kg. Conclusion The regression data was used to calculate the limit of detection and the recovery range was of 97.9% -99.8%. The correlation coefficient calculated from the calibration curve was quite good (R2 = 0.9996)

Small ncRNA Expression-Profiling of Blood from Hemophilia A Patients Identifies miR-1246 as a Potential Regulator of Factor 8 Gene.

Hemophilia A (HA) is a bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of functional plasma clotting factor VIII (FVIII). Genetic mutations in the gene encoding FVIII (F8) have been extensively studied. Over a thousand different mutations have been reported in the F8 gene. These span a diverse range of mutation types, namely, missense, splice-site, deletions of single and multiple exons, inversions, etc. There is nonetheless evidence that other molecular mechanisms, in addition to mutations in the gene encoding the FVIII protein, may be involved in the pathobiology of HA. In this study, global small ncRNA expression profiling analysis of whole blood from HA patients, and controls, was performed using high-throughput ncRNA microarrays. Patients were further sub-divided into those that developed neutralizing-anti-FVIII antibodies (inhibitors) and those that did not. Selected differentially expressed ncRNAs were validated by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. We identified several ncRNAs, and among them hsa-miR-1246 was significantly up-regulated in HA patients. In addition, miR-1246 showed a six-fold higher expression in HA patients without inhibitors. We have identified an miR-1246 target site in the noncoding region of F8 mRNA and were able to confirm the suppressory role of hsa-miR-1246 on F8 expression in a stable lymphoblastoid cell line expressing FVIII. These findings suggest several testable hypotheses vis-à-vis the role of nc-RNAs in the regulation of F8 expression. These hypotheses have not been exhaustively tested in this study as they require carefully curated clinical samples