Exponential Type Product Estimator for Finite Population Mean with Information on Auxiliary Attribute

The main objective of the present study is to develop a new modified unbiased exponential type product estimator for the estimation of the population mean. The proposed estimator possesses the characteristic of a bi-serial negative correlation between the study variable and its auxiliary attribute. Efficiency comparison has been carried out between the proposed estimator and the existing estimators theoretically and numerically

Variation in Selection Intensities among the Western Coastal Populations of India

Selection is continuously occurring on the living beings and the fittest who are able to reproduce will survive. To measure this selection, the data from 954 women was obtained who belong to different ethnic groups of Gujarat and Maharashtra and various index and components were computed using Crow`s Index and Johnston and Kensinger`s Index. The Crow`s total index value was found to be 0.539. The mortality component was found to be 0.130 and fertility component was found to be 0.363. The contribution of fertility component was greater than the mortality component according to Crow`s Index. Value of total selection index computed using Johnston and Kensinger`s Index is 0.639. The index of selection due to pre‐natal mortality and post‐natal mortality was observed to be 0.064 and 0.130 respectively. Therefore, it is found that among coastal populations of Gujarat and Maharashtra the selection trend is more due to fertility component than mortality component

Incidence of caesarean delivery after induction of labour in nulliparous women with unfavorable bishops score at tertiary care centre

Background: Induction of labour means initiation of uterine contractions before onset of spontaneous labour to achieve vaginal delivery, because birth by caesarean delivery is more hazardous than vaginal delivery. Prostaglandins are used in management of Labour and are introduced as agent for induction of Labour. Nulliparous women are more likely to undergo induction of labour and are at a higher risk of caesarean delivery after induction of labour, as compared to multiparous women. Objective of current study was to determine the incidence of caesarean delivery in nulliparous women with unfavourable bishop’s score when induced with dinoprostone gel.Methods: This Hospital based Prospective interventional Study was conducted among 200 nulliparous women of 18-35 years of age with a singleton pregnancy with cephalic presentation at 37-42 weeks with unfavorable bishop score (≤5) and reactive fetal heart rate pattern with no contraindication of vaginal delivery.Results: In our study of 200 participants majority were in the age group of 18-25 years (86%), with period of gestation 40 weeks (45.5%), most common indication of induction was postdated pregnancy (46.5%). Incidence of caesarean delivery was 28.5% and most common indication of caesarean was secondary arrest of labour in 46.5%.Conclusions: The current study concluded that incidence of LSCS was found to be 28.5%. Duration of induction and dose of dinoprostone had positive association with increased incidence of LSCS

Stochastic Modeling of a Concrete Mixture Plant with Preventive Maintenance

In this paper, a stochastic model for concrete mixture plant with Preventive Maintenance (PM) is analyzed in detail by using a supplementary variable technique. In a concrete mixture plant eight subsystems are arranged in a series. The system goes under PM after a maximum operation time and work as new after PM. The time to failure of each subsystem follows a negative exponential distribution while PM and repair time distributions are taken as arbitrary. A sufficient repair facility is provided to the system for conducting PM and repair of the system. Repair, maintenance and switch devices are perfect. All random variables are statistically independent. Various measures of system effectiveness such as reliability, mean time to system failure (MTSF), are derived using a supplementary variable technique. The numerical results for reliability and availability are obtained for particular values of various parameters and costs

Acute pancreatitis associated with dengue fever: An interesting and rare complication of dengue virus

In humans, infections with dengue viruses range from mild fever with thrombocytopenia to life-threatening forms like vasodilatory shock with hemorrhagic manifestations. Of the many complications known of dengue fever, pancreatitis is a rarely discussed event. We would like to present a rare and unusual complication of this common disease. A 17 year old female with past history of tuberculosis was admitted with complains of pain abdomen and fever along with thrombocytopenia. Besides features of dengue fever, the presence of typical abdominal pain, high serum amylase, ultrasound, and computerized tomography scan features suggested the diagnosis of an acute pancreatitis. This complication developed in the initial phase of the illness. The patient had mild-to-moderate pancreatitis that recovered uneventfully with conservative treatment. The awareness of this complication in dengue fever is necessary for timely management of patients which will aid in reducing mortality

Transfer or not to transfer? a medical dilemma

Morphological assessment predominantly determines the quality of embryos although, several methods are available for it. Dilemma to transfer arises when clinicians are left with mere poor grade embryos. This case report encompasses a case of 37 years primary infertile female managed with GnRH antagonist cycle for tubal factor infertility. Post ovarian stimulation and ovum pickup, only two 4 celled grade-C embryos were available for transfer. Reluctantly the embryo was transferred, but fortunately resulted in a healthy live intrauterine pregnancy. This case report questions the aptness of the current methods to determine embryo quality and also enlightens whether the ethical or medical conundrum holds true regarding relation between embryo quality and chances of a fruitful pregnancy

Adult Wilms' tumour: a case report with review of literature

BACKGROUND: Wilms' tumor is the commonest primary malignant renal tumor in childhood. Rarely, it may present in the adult age group. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a 48-year-old male presenting with flank pain and haematuria. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a right renal mass measuring 11 × 10 cms, and a clinical diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma was made. Nephrectomy was performed, and a final diagnosis of adult Wilms' tumor was made based on the criteria proposed by Kilton et al. CONCLUSION: The possibility of an adult Wilms' tumor should be considered when a patient presents with pain in the flank and a renal mass. Rarity of the tumor favors documentation in literature

The Comparative Influence of Culture and Schooling Environment on Handwriting Features

Handwriting is an acquired trait of an individual which is primarily culture and environment dependent. The present study attempts to assess the relative influence of schooling environment and culture upon handwriting features. The paper sets forth the computational and conventional analysis of handwriting samples obtained from two cultural/ethnic groups in India living in the same and different geographical regions. Striking significant differences were observed in key handwriting features between writers of the same cultures who were living in different regions and attended different school settings. Contrary to this, handwriting features were insignificant between writers of different cultures living in the same region at the same school

Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Kidney

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the kidney is a rare tumor with an aggressive behaviour. A 55-year-old woman presented with a left sided abdominal mass in our outpatient department. Radiologic investigations revealed the mass to be renal in origin with colonic adhesions for which radical nephrectomy and hemicolectomy were done. The tumor completely appeared to replace the left kidney and had a whorled character focally on cut section. Microscopically, spindle cells having malignant features with cigar shaped nuclei were seen. The smooth muscle origin of the cells was confirmed by immunohistochemical positivity for smooth muscle actin. Sarcomatoid variant of the renal cell carcinoma was ruled out as the tumor was negative for cytokeratin. Tumors with spindle cell morphology in the kidney should not always be taken for a sarcomatoid variant of renal cell carcinoma and should be investigated thoroughly

Advances in Solid Dispersion Techniques for Enhancing Drug Solubility, Bioavailability and Controlled Release

Solid dispersion (SD) refers to the dispersion of active ingredients, whether one or more, within inert carriers in a solid state. This is achieved through methods like fusion, solvent, or solvent fusion. The solid dispersion technique is particularly valuable for enhancing the solubility of inadequately soluble drugs, particularly those falling under BCS Class II. This technique involves the utilization of carriers such as polyethylene glycol 4000, urea, and polyvinylpyrrolidone K 30 to improve the drug's solubility and dissolution properties. The method of solid dispersion has been utilized to improve the solubility, dissolution, and bioavailability of various natural drug components. Furthermore, solid dispersion has been investigated as a strategy for developing natural drug products with controlled or sustained release characteristics. The mechanism of action of this delivery system relies on the specific type of solid dispersion, as well as the interactions among the drugs, carriers, and other components incorporated into the formulation. Currently, there are various methods accessible for characterizing SDs, including X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, FTIR spectroscopy, and dissolution testing, among others. The pharmaceutical uses of the Solid Dispersion technique encompass: augmenting drug absorption, achieving a uniform distribution of a small drug quantity in a solid state, and safeguarding unstable drugs by mitigating processes like hydrolysis, oxidation, and photooxidation