Gender and Misogyny in Classical Literature: Tracing the Cultural Roots of Misogynistic Attitudes and Their Modern Consequences

This paper looks into antiquity and determines the role of gender. Women representation in classical literature and what impact these early imprints cast on the later works. In Classical literature, Women are portrayed as the object of sex, rape and pleasures. Their individual existence is fairly vague but only in connection to male presence. This misogynistic approach took its roots in very early literature, and handed over to us with almost the same features. Female illustration in the Classical Literature is one of such misogynistic theories. Likewise, Reader’s response cannot be marginalized while discussing classical – gender – portrayal. Print-media shapes readers’ lives. How far is it true, needs to be carefully scrutinized in order to indulge in further discussion. Based upon these misogynistic theories, the inferences at the end are startling, presenting before us pathetic picture of social values and customs. We cannot negate the pen-power. No doubt it can mould reader’s mind according to writer’s thinking. The way writer thinks can become the way of thinking of the particular reader too. The whole process is very subtle and imperceptible, even reader himself cannot feel the changes happening in him by reading and absorbing the very ideas of the writer. This game of perception to the paradigm shift is played by the creators of literary caricatures. Statistics about women homicide leave a sour taste in our mouth. And an urge to replenish a whole new standard of writing upon sensitive issues. Continuing focus upon biased pieces of literature would at least diminish the effects, if cannot eliminate it altogether

A review on the growth, yield and oil contents of Brassica under rainfed conditions

Brassica species have been considered an important source of oil in worldwide. These are being cultivated either as a vegetable, fodder or oil purpose. Their oil can be used for cooking and in different industries depending on their oil contents. The oil containing high quantity of monounsaturated fatty acids (oleic acid and linolenic acid) is highly suitable for cooking. Phytochemicals present in Brassica reduces the oxidative stress and prevent cancer in human. The growth and yield of Brassica species in rainfed areas depends on rainfall. Rainfed agriculture is most commonly practiced by poor community of many countries including Pakistan. The problems with rainfed areas are irregularity in rainfall, results in waterlogging due to heavy rainfall or drought stress due to low rainfall. The other problems are soil erosion, nutrient deficiency, weed infestation and crusting that limit the growth and yield of crops of these lands. Brassica species are highly susceptible to drought stress from flowering to seed producing stage, their oil contents reduced due to water stress. This review article highlights the growth, oil content and yield of various Brassica species under rainfed conditions. It also highlights the Brassica species that performs best in terms of growth, oil content and yield in rainfed conditions. Many numbers of studies reported that Brassica has high growth rate, fresh and dry biomass, if rainfall is just before or after the flowering stage. Oil contents reduce when precipitation rate is low, but some varieties have been reported having high growth rate, oil content and biological yield in rainfed condition. These varieties should be recommended to farmers for cultivation in rainfed areas. © 2021 The Author(s

Evaluating DNA damage in earthworms (Eisenia fetida’s):toxicological insights from carbon, gold, and silver nanoparticles using enzyme and comet assays

This study investigates the environmental behavior and toxic effects of synthesized carbon, silver, and gold nanoparticles on soil-dwelling organisms like earthworms (Eisenia fetida). Earthworms are crucial for soil health and ecosystem functioning, and understanding their impact is essential. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant effect through enzymatic assay and assess the toxic effects of different concentrations of carbon, silver, and gold nanoparticles in earthworms, focusing on DNA damage via comet assay. Advanced methods such as energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to synthesize and characterize the nanoparticles, yielding important insights into their structure and behavior. Bioaccumulation was measured using filter paper contact and artificial soil methods to assess how nanoparticles are taken up and accumulate in earthworm tissues. The toxicity tests, including the measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA damage using the comet assay, revealed the toxic effects of these nanoparticles on earthworms. The study found that green tea waste nanoparticles exhibited the highest toxicity, followed by silver nanoparticles, gold nanoparticles, carbon charcoal nanoparticles, and brick kiln carbon nanoparticles. The control group showed minimal toxicity compared to the nanoparticle-exposed groups. Understanding the toxic effects of nanoparticles on earthworms is crucial for assessing their impact on soil ecosystems. This study adds to the expanding body of information on the toxicity of nanoparticles and emphasizes the need for more research to reduce any possible environmental dangers linked to nanoparticle exposure.</p

Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Activities and Ab-initio Study of Transition Metal Complexes of [Methyl 2-((4-chlorophenyl)(hydroxy)methyle) Acrylate]

Taking cognizance of the medicinal significance and diverse functions of synthetic Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts (MBHA), the title ligand was synthesized and purified through column chromatography. Cr+3, Mn+2, Co+3, Ni+2, Cu+2 complexes of the ligand were synthesized under basic conditions, subjected to characterization through spectral analyses and verified with the IR spectrum that was generated computationally by the DFT B3LYP method, with 6-311++ G (d,p) basis set and Hartree Fock (HF) B3LYP method in conjunction with 3-21G(d,p) basis set. Powder XRD helped to testify crystals of the complexes. Moreover, the antibacterial, and antioxidant characteristics of MBHA and its complexes were also established. All of them were found to be active antioxidants. The antibacterial activities, examined against S. aureus, E. coli, B. pumilis and S. typhi have revealed that its Cobalt complex has an excellent potential to act against all of them. Hence, these compounds maybe having potentialities for the discovery of new, cheaper and efficient drugs against various infectious diseases. The study also uncovers the first example of utilization of MBHA towards metal complex formation

INADEQUATE SUPPLY OF WATER IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR OF PAKISTAN DUE TO DEPLETING WATER RESERVOIRS AND REDUNDANT IRRIGATION SYSTEM

Present study aim is to reveal current situation of water availability for agricultural productivity through factors responsible for water depletion and improper use of irrigation water. The paper discuses major problems identify future scenario and suggests making policies implementation to increase agricultural productivity in Pakistan. In Pakistan, agricultural productivity decreases due to the facts that the available natural water resources get depleted due to pollution, silting in reservoirs, leaching, salinity etc leads to water scarcity. It’s a world known fact that Pakistan is an agricultural country; however, the irrigation traditional methods used here are a major reason to decrease the yield per drop. Moreover, certain considerations like barriers to technical adaptation, farming system practices for enhancing water productivity, integrated land and water management, water logging and reclaiming irrigated lands needs to be implemented to fulfill the sufficient water supply for agricultural lands. Protection of water sources, wastewater reuse, low-cost water supply and treatment systems, impacts of farming practices, climate change effects and efficiency of water transport and distribution systems are the key points needs to execute to overcome the water scarcity problem for agriculture sector. Water governance, technology transfer and knowledge sharing are mandatory for the sustainable agricultural development.</jats:p

State of Art Approaches for Giving Related Items in Search Query

Search queries are used to dig out needed information and are one of the most important factors in assessment of search engines results. Search queries are consisting of words, phrases and keywords etc. Related items in the form of different appropriate words that can be used in search query to enhance its precision. Enhancement is done in many ways like suggesting correct spelling of misspelled words, autocomplete etc. To be more precise search queries are précised commonly by query replacement and query enhancement using query substitution and expansion approaches. In this paper we have categorized query precising approaches according to type of query. Query types are classified as transactional, navigational and informational. The paper analyses the pros/con of approaches along with challenges that needs to be addressed which will result in accurate query which eventually helps to get precise search results