Antibacterial activity of Chitosan Nanoparticles against sea food pathogens

The present study was designed to investigate antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles against sea food pathogens. Chitosan is an interesting polymer that has been used extensively in the medical field. It is either partially or fully deacetylated chitin. It is a good antibacterial and antifungal agent. Chitosan is synthesized by STPP method and its active range is evaluated by uv-vis spectroscopy. Then its antibacterial is tested against isolated Vibrio and also tested the antibacterial activity of chloramphenicol against the isolated species for knowing the strength of the strain. Chitosan is a good antibacterial agent that killed Vibrio around its active sites. But, chloramphenicol is a weak antibacterial agent than chitosan

CONTROLLED VESTIBULAR STIMULATION: PHYSIOLOGICAL INTERVENTION IN DIABETES CARE

ABSTRACTObjective: The present study was aimed to assess the role of vestibular stimulation in the management of diabetes care.Methods: We carried out the present study in 83-year-old man with 20 years history of Type 2 diabetes. Controlled vestibular stimulation wasachieved by swinging on a swing (back to front direction). Blood Pressure and Blood glucose levels were measured by standard methods.Results: Fasting blood glucose and blood pressure levels came down significantly after controlled vestibular stimulation.Conclusion: The present study confirmed the useful role of vestibular stimulation in the control of diabetes mellitus. We recommend a furtherdetailed study to elucidate the therapeutic value of controlled vestibular stimulation in diabetes care.Keywords: Controlled vestibular stimulation, Diabetes care, Physiological intervention

NEUROIMMUNO MODULATION BY VESTIBULAR STIMULATION IN COLD WATER SWIMMING STRESS INDUCED WISTAR ALBINO RATS

ABSTRACTObjectives: We hypothesized that vestibular stimulation prevents stress-induced suppression of immunity by inhibiting the stress axes and to testthis hypothesis total leucocyte count, differential leucocyte count, platelet count, hemoglobin level, organ weight of spleen and liver were observedfollowing vestibular stimulation in cold water swimming stress induced Wistar albino rats.Methods: Totally, 24 healthy, adult male albino rats of Wistar strain were used in the present study. Rats were forced to swim in the plastic tubs(height: 60 cm, diameter: 40 cm) containing cold water, maintained at 10°C. The middle ear cavity was irrigated with hot (40°C) or cold (15°C) waterthrough a polyethylene tube for 15 days.Results: Data were analyzed by SPSS 20.0. Statistical tests used are two-way RM ANOVA and Bonferroni post-tests. Cold water vestibular stimulationwas significantly prevented effects of stress on hematological parameters (p<0.05). Both cold and hot water vestibular stimulation effectivelycontrolled stress induced changes on body weight and organ weights (p<0.05).Conclusion: Maximum effect of stress was observed on the 7th day in stress only group whereas this effect is minimized in cold water vestibularstimulation group and maintained in normal limits thereafter. We recommend further detailed study in this area is considered for further detailed study.Keywords: Caloric vestibular stimulation, Cold water swimming stress, Immunity.INTRODUCTIO

EFFECT OF PRE EXAMINATION STRESS ON OLFACTORY SENSITIVITY IN COLLEGE STUDENTS.

 Objective: The present study was undertaken to assess the effect of pre-examination stress on olfactory sensitivity in college students.Methods: A total of 80 apparently healthy males and females were included in the study after obtaining written informed consent. Blast injection method was used to measure the olfactory sensitivity.Result: In the present study, we have observed decrease in the olfactory sensitivity in both males and females during pre-examination stress. However, it is not statistically significant.Conclusion: We recommend further detailed studies for better understanding the links between stress and olfaction.Â

FOLIC ACID, VITAMIN B12, AND DNA METHYLATION: AN UPDATE.

 Epigenetics is one of the exciting and fastest expanding fields of biology; this is above genetics. Methylation is the process involved in the transfer of methyl group to amino acids, proteins, enzymes and DNA of all the cells, and tissues of the body. During cell-division low folate availability may result in decreased production of thymidine wherein uracil may be substituted in the place of thymidine in the DNA sequence. It was reported that folate and Vitamin B12 restricted diet resulted in aberrant methylation patterns. The current review was undertaken to explore the role of folic acid and Vitamin B12 in DNA methylation

A Pilot Study on Anti-Diabetic Effect of Vestibular Stimulation in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Model of Wistar Albino Rats

ABSTRACT The present study was undertaken to observe efficacy of vestibular stimulation in diabetes care. Diabetes was induced in the rats by injecting alloxan intraperitonially (I.P) in a single dose of 150mg/kg of body weight. Vestibular stimulation was performed for 60 days by caloric vestibular stimulation, by instilling warm (40 o c) and cold water (30 o c) into the external auditory meatus for group 3 and 4 respectively. The temperature difference sets up convection currents in the endolymph, with consequent motion of the cupula. Blood glucose estimation was performed by using one touch glucometer. In our pilot study we didn't observe significant effect of hot water vestibular stimulation on blood glucose levels . However cold water vestibular stimulation significantly decreased blood glucose levels on 30 th and 40 th day in alloxan induced diabetes rats. Cold water vestibular stimulation may be effective for diabetic patients. Major limitation of our study was low sample size. Hence we suggest further detailed study with more parameters to explode the effectiveness of vestibular stimulation in diabetic care

Effect of Forced Freshwater and Cold Water Swimming Stress Induced Changes in Selected Physiological and Biochemical Parameters in Wistar Albino Rats

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to observe the effect of cold water and fresh water swimming stress on physiological and biochemical parameters. 42 adult male 'albino rats of wistar strain with body weight ranging between (50-125g) were subjected to fresh water and cold water swimming stress. The body weight was measured before and after the stress period in all the rats. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation and blood samples were collected. The wet weight of the organs (heart, right and left kidneys, liver, spleen) was expressed per 100g of body weight. Total leucocyte count, red blood cell count, Platelet count, and Hemoglobin were estimated by standard physiological methods. Blood sugar level and serum total cholesterol level were measured by colorimetric method. We conclude that body weight, liver weight, spleen weight increased significantly followed by cold water swimming stress. Significant hypoglycemia was observed followed by both Fresh water and cold water swimming stress. Platelet count decreased significantly followed by both Fresh water and cold water swimming stress. Total leucocyte count increased significantly followed by Fresh water swimming stress

Oligonucleotide based therapeutic strategies for tackling schizophrenia - A systematic review

Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder that affects the quality of life of patients, and the cure for the disease is yet a mirage. Drugs are having side effects and not giving satisfying results. Recently, genes have been isolated. The role of oligonucleotide in many diseases, such as multiple sclerosis and cancer, is promising. Since oligonucleotides can modulate gene expression, these molecules can be used as drugs in several conditions which are beyond the usage of conventional drugs. They are also important in the future as therapeutic drugs like rare diseases, which are genetic and in which specific sequences of genes are to be addressed. Since they can bind to Cas9 protein, they can be used for gene editing. Even though the delivery of oligonucleotides faces some limitations, they can be delivered to targets using chemical modification, bioconjugation, and nanotechnology. Overall, they can be used in research, diagnosis, and therapy. Since they are small in size, they have target affinity. They are also cheap to synthesize and more stable than antibodies. This review summarizes the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and its current treatment, recent updates, and insights into the role of oligonucleotide and its regulation of genes. In this article, we also reviewed the genetics of schizophrenia and the possible application of oligonucleotides in the therapeutics of schizophrenia. The introduction of oligonucleotides in the therapy of schizophrenia can be a possible strategy that can be put forward in the future for the management of schizophrenia

Assessment of psychological parameters, psychomotor speed, and quality of life in pre-hypertensive women

Background: Individual is considered as pre-hypertensive when the blood pressure is between 120 and 139/80–89 mmHg. There is an increase in the prevalence of pre-hypertension in Indian population. Hence, early diagnosis of pre-hypertension helps to prevent these diseases and increase the quantity and quality of life. Aims and Objectives: The present study was undertaken to observe the psychological parameters, psychomotor speed, and quality of life in pre-hypertensive women. Materials and Methods: Thirty cases of pre-hypertensive women between the age of 25 and 50 years and 30 age-matched non-pre-hypertensive women were included in the study. Depression, anxiety and stress, self-esteem, negative affectivity (NA) and social inhibition (SA), and quality of life were assessed using standard questionnaires. Visual and auditory reaction time (RT) was assessed using RT apparatus. Results: There was a significant (P<0.001) lower physical health score, psychological score, social relationships score, and environmental scores pre-hypertensive women when compared to healthy individuals. There was significantly (P<0.05) longer visual and auditory RT for the right and left responses in pre-hypertensive women when compared to healthy individuals. Significantly higher (P<0.05) levels of depression, anxiety, and stress and significantly lower self-esteem scores were observed in pre-hypertensive women when compared with healthy individuals. NA and SA were significantly higher (P<0.001) in pre-hypertensive women when compared with healthy individuals. Conclusion: Pre-hypertension has strong negative impact on psychological parameters, RT and quality of life. It is the need of time to increase awareness of pre-hypertension in general population. We recommend planning and implementation of special care programs for these individuals

Association of Depression, Anxiety and Stress with Cognitive functions in female dental students

Background: Professional courses in medical education are highly stressful and students must be aware of the stress and the coping methods in the beginning of the course itself. Excessive, ill managed stress leads to depression and further suicidal tendency. Student suicides have become common news in today’s era. It was reported that depression, anxiety and stress has negative impact on cognition. If the student has higher levels of stress, his academic performance decreases. This leads to increase in the stress further. Objective: The present study was undertaken to observe the association of depression, anxiety and stress with cognitive functions in female dental students. Methodology: A total of 34 female students studying second year BDS were included in the study after obtaining the written informed consent. Depression, anxiety and stress were assessed by using DASS 21questionnaire. Cognitive functions were assessed by using digit symbol substitution test. Data was analyzed by SPSS 20.0. Pearson correlation coefficient was applied to observe the association between the variables.Results: For association of depression and cognition, the value of R is -0.5212. This is a moderate negative correlation. The value of R2 , the coefficient of determination, is 0.2716. For association of anxiety and cognition, the value of R is -0.268. This indicates negative correlation. The value of R2 , the coefficient of determination, is 0.0718. For association between the stress and cognition, the value of R is -0.1718, which indicates a negative correlation. The value of R2 , the coefficient of determination, is 0.0295.Conclusion: There was negative correlation between the depression, anxiety and stress and cognitive functions. It is the need of time to increase awareness in students about stress and train them with coping methods to improve their academic performance and to limit student suicides in our country