Implementation of Massachusetts Curriculum Framework in English Language Arts and Math: Insights, Innovations, and Challenges in Six Districts

This brief presents findings from C-SAIL’s Implementation Study, which uses interview and survey data to explore how district administrators, principals, and teachers are understanding, experiencing, and implementing Massachusetts Curriculum Frameworks in English language arts (ELA) and math. We examine how and what kinds of supports are provided to teachers of all students, including students with disabilities (SWDs) and English learners (ELs) who take the general state assessment

Overview of C-SAIL’s Years 1 and 2 Implementation Study Findings

The brief presents themes from C-SAIL\u27s Implementation Study (Years 1 and 2), organized by general, cross-state findings that incorporate both qualitative and quantitative data with regards to the policy attributes. We expand upon these themes by providing state- and district-specific examples of illuminating practices. We prioritize examples derived from Year 2 interview data

A 20/20 Vision for Standards-Based Reform

What\u27s next for standards-based reform? With the release of the 2019 National Assessment of Educational Progress results in math and reading, it became clear that standards-based reform has not moved the needle on student achievement. This may be due, in part, to how districts, schools, and teachers are making sense of and implementing college- and career-readiness standards. On Thursday, May 28, 2020, the Center on Standards, Alignment, Instruction, and Learning (C-SAIL) hosted a virtual event to share what we\u27ve discovered over the last five years examining standards implementation and impact at the state, district, school, and classroom level and engage practitioners, policymakers, and researchers to look to the future of standards-based reform. This PowerPoint presentation corresponds to a presentation video available at c-sail.org/videos

Implementation of Texas\u27s Learning Standards in English Language Arts and Math: Insights, Innovations, and Challenges in Six Districts

This brief presents findings from C-SAIL’s Implementation Study, which uses interview and survey data to explore how district administrators, principals, and teachers are understanding, experiencing, and implementing the Texas Essential Knowledge and Skills (TEKS) state standards in English language arts (ELA) and math. We examine how and what kinds of supports are provided to teachers of all students, including students with disabilities (SWDs) and English learners (ELs) who take the general state assessment

Common Challenges to Implementing College- and Career-Readiness Standards

With the passage of the Every Student Succeeds Act in 2015, federal funds were mobilized for state and local use to help improve educational opportunities for all students, including disadvantaged and high-need learners. Yet with this effort to decentralize federal authority came a notable amount of variation in how teachers experience standards-based policy firsthand. While many in the field grapple with the revisions that come with a growing decentralization of standards-based reform, teacher learning and understanding of college- and career-readiness (CCR) standards and revisions is critical to successful implementation. Even when fully supported and focused on implementing standards in the classroom, teachers often face challenging work conditions that stymie their best efforts to implement standards-based reform

Implementing College- and Career-Readiness Standards for English Learners (ELs): Challenges, Insights, and Innovations

This brief presents findings from C-SAIL’s Implementation Study, which uses interview and survey data to explore how district administrators, principals, and teachers are understanding, experiencing, and implementing learning standards in English language arts (ELA) and math with English learners (ELs). Drawing on data from five states—California, Kentucky, Massachusetts, Ohio, and Texas—we explore the insights, challenges and innovations shared by leaders and teachers working with ELs

Temperature Influence on Inhibitory Efficiency of Three Phosphate Inhibitors by Mass Loss

The effect of temperature on steel samples immersed in concrete pore solutions contaminated by chlorides incorporating three inhibitors based on phosphate (Na3PO4, K2HPO4, and Na2PO3F) was studied by gravimetric measurements at several ranges: 298, 308, and 318 K. The results obtained for the use of these three products show that the inhibitory efficacy is lower at 318 K than that detected at 308 and 298 K of temperature. Also, we find that the best inhibitory efficiency at 298 K was detected for Na2PO3F (75.80% at 0.05 mol/l of concentration) followed by K2HPO4 (65.05% at 2.5 10−3 mol/l) and then Na3PO4 (61.48% at 7.5 10−3 mol/l)

On the applicability of random mobility models for swarm robot movements

Random mobility models have been traditionally used to represent cellular or ad hoc movement patterns for PDA and laptop users. These models are critical for network traffic and protocol analysis. As robotics move to a paradigm where wireless network protocols are being utilized, it is unclear whether the same mobility models are applicable for analyzing these wireless network protocols. This thesis examines the similarity and differences between the traditional random mobility models and the mobility patterns exhibited by a team of randomly moving robots. Though the movements are driven by the same random functions, the robots need to detect and avoid collisions. Results obtained over different scenarios help establish a better understanding of how to develop mobility models representative of robot movements

Satu Kajian Perbandingan Ekonomi di Antara Pekebun Kecil Tanam Semula Berkelompok dengan Pekebun Kecil Persendirian

Pandangan umum mengatakan bahawa mengusahakan tanaman getah secara berkelompok boleh memperbaiki ekonomi serta sosial di kalangan para pekebun kecil di negara ini. Walau bagaimanapun' belum ada kajian dilakUkan untuk menyokong pendapat ini. Oleh sebab itu kajian ini dilakukan bertujuan untuk membuat perbandingan ekonomi di antara pekebun kecil getah yang menyertai projek Tanam Semula Berkelompok dengan pekebun kecil yang mengusahakan tanaman mereka secara persendirian. Dengan mengutamakan analisis faktor, kajian ini telah menunjukkan bahawa pekebun keeil getah yang menyertai projek Tanam Semula Berkelompok mempunyai paras pengurusan yang lebih baik berbanding dengan paras pengurusan pekebun kecil persendirian. Paras pengurusan yang lebih baik ini berpunea daripada program serta aktiviti yang telah dilaksanakan oleh ejen-ejen pengernbangan RISDA terhadap pekebun kecil berkelompok. Jika dilihat dari segi kecekapan teknikal secara relatif , didapati pekebun yang rnenyertai projek Tanam Semula Berkelompok mernpunyai kecekapan teknikal relatif yang lebih berbanding dengan pekerun kecil persendirian. Oleh sebab itu, dengan menggunakan input yang sama, pekebun kecil berkelompok telah rnemperolehi hasil pengeluaran lebih tinggi berbanding dengan pekebun kecil persendirian. Pada keseluruhannya pekebun persendirian telah dapat rnenggunakan sumber baja dengan cekap tetapi sumber buruh tidak digunakan dengan cekap. Walau bagaimanapun kecekapan penggunaan sumber bagi pekebun kecil berkelompok tidak dapat dikira kerana variasi input yang digunakan di kalangan pekebun kecil berkelompok adalah terlalu kecil kerana mereka menerima khidmat nasihat yang sama diberikan oleh RISDA. Hasil kajian ini juga menunjukkan bahawa pekebun kecil berkelompok telah menerima harga getah yang lebih tinggi daripada pekebun kecil persendirian. Keadaan ini disebabkan mereka mempunyai paras pengurusan yang lebih baik daripada pekebun kecil persendirian. Dengan pengurusan yang baik mereka telah dapat menghasilkan mutu getah keping yang baik dan seterusnya memperolehi harga yang berpatutan

Factors Associated with Non-adoption of Technology by Rubber Small holders

This study argues that information holds the key to decision-making and change processes, and hence technology adoption among smallholders. To determine the levels of technology adoption among smallholders and factors associated with it, a total of 787 smallholders, key informant smallholders and field officers from selected areas in Peninsular Malaysia were interviewed in groups using the focus group discussion technique. Generally, technology adoption level among rubber smallholders was relatively low. Several factors accounted for this finding, among them were: smallholders attitudes towards new technology, financial constraints, physical limitations (uneconomic holding size and accessibility of holdings), labour shortage, inappropriate technology, land ownership and weakness in extension service and communication support system. These factors were found not to act singly but in various combinations which compounded the problem of information flow decision making and change among smallholders in technology adoption. The constraints faced by the smallholders form negative forces that act against the adoption of recommended practices. Some of these barriers can be overcome or minimized with ule provision and implementation of a systematic flow of information from research to extension and from extension LO smallholders. Information from research to extension should cover 'principle', 'how-to' information, besides relevant circumferential and human resource development information. Information from extension to smallholders should focus mainly on 'how-to' and benefits to be accrued from adopting a technology