Bayesian Inference on the Variance of Normal Distribution Using Moving Extremes Ranked Set Sampling

Bayesian inference of the variance of the normal distribution is considered using moving extremes ranked set sampling (MERSS) and is compared with the simple random sampling (SRS) method. Generalized maximum likelihood estimators (GMLE), confidence intervals (CI), and different testing hypotheses are considered using simple hypothesis versus simple hypothesis, simple hypothesis versus composite alternative, and composite hypothesis versus composite alternative based on MERSS and compared with SRS. It is shown that modified inferences using MERSS are more efficient than their counterparts based on SRS

On Maximum Likelihood Estimators of the Parameters of a Modified Weibull Distribution Using Extreme Ranked Set Sampling

Extreme ranked set sampling (ERSS) is considered to estimate the three parameters and population mean of the modified Weibull distribution (MWD). The maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) is investigated and compared to the corresponding one based on simple random sampling (SRS). It is found that, the MLE based on ERSS is more efficient than MLE using SRS for estimating the three parameters of the MWD. The ERSS estimator of the population mean of the MWD is also found to be more efficient than the SRS based on the same number of measured units

Coping Strategies among Students with Chronic Medical Illnesses in Comparison to Healthy Students: A Comparative Cross-sectional Study from Sultan Qaboos University, Oman

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Assessing Family Medicine Residents’ Communication Skills in Oman Using the Communication Assessment Tool: A Cross-sectional Study

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Bayes Estimation of the Mean of Normal Distribution Using Moving Extreme Ranked Set Sampling

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-justify: kashida; text-align: justify; text-kashida: 0%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; unicode-bidi: embed; direction: ltr; tab-stops: 0cm;"><span style="font-family: Times New Roman;"><span style="font-size: small;">Moving extreme ranked set sampling (MERSS) is one of useful modifications of ranked set</span><span style="font-size: 11pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: small;">sampling (RSS). The method has been investigated by many authors and proved to be a good competitor to simple random sampling (SRS). In this paper, Bayes estimation of the mean of normal distribution based on MERSS is considered and compared with SRS counterpart. The suggested estimators are found to be more efficient than that from SRS.</span></span></p

Evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of seed crude extracts of Ammi majus grown in Oman

AbstractAmmi majus has long been used as an herbal medicine in several countries for skin disorders, regulation of menstruation and for conditions in which diuresis is indicated. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of the crude extracts of locally growing Ammi majus (A. majus). Initially, methanol crude extract was prepared from powdered seed samples of A. majus by applying Soxhlet extraction method. Successive extracts were then derived by suspending methanol free crude extract in water followed by successive extraction with solvents of different polarities in an order of increasing polarity. The evaluations of antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of seed crude extracts of A. majus were determined by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), agar disc diffusion and Artemia lethality methods, respectively. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in case of chloroform crude extract whereas the lowest activity was corresponding to methanol crude extract. However, the highest IC50 value was obtained with chloroform crude extract but the lowest result was observed in case of ethyl acetate crude extract. All crude extracts of A. majus displayed moderate antimicrobial activity against one Gram positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and three Gram negative bacteria, namely Escherichia coli (E. coli), Haemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae), and Proteus spp (Proteus spp), with growth inhibition zone of 0–15 mm. The cytotoxic activity results showed that all crude extracts of the seed had killed all the Artemia larvae at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL, being the highest for all extracts. However, regarding the overall magnitude of cytotoxic effect, chloroform crude extract showed the highest activity followed in a diminishing order by hexane, methanol, ethyl acetate, butanol and water crude extract. As such, the highest lethality was observed in case of chloroform crude extract where the lethal concentration (LC50) was 49.16 µg/mL, whereas the lowest lethal concentration was seen with water crude extract where the LC50 was 652.38 µg/mL. The present study demonstrates that all seed crude extracts of A. majus have significant antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects. These results warrant follow up bioassay intended for isolation of the active compounds from this plant

Linear active control algorithm to synchronize a nonlinear HIV/AIDS dynamical system

Chaos synchronization between two chaotic systems happens when the trajectory of one of the system asymptotically follows the trajectory of another system due to forcing or due to coupling.This research paper addresses the synchronization problem of an In-host Model for HIV/AIDS dynamics using the Linear Active Control Technique.In this study, using the Linear Active Control Algorithm based on the Lyapunov stability theory, the synchronization between two identical HIV/AIDS chaotic systems and the switching synchronization between two different HIV/AIDS and Qi 4-D chaotic systems has been observed. Further, it has been shown that the proposed schemes have excellent transient performance and analytically as well as graphically found that the synchronization is globally exponential stable.Numerical simulations are carried out to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach that support the analytical results and illustrated the possible scenarios for synchronization. All simulations have been done using Mathematica 9

Analysis of Blood Cultures in Major Burns in Tertiary Care Burn Unit in Oman

Objectives: In this study we review blood stream infections of major burns in a tertiary care burn unit to determine the most prevalent organisms in order to have a better empirical therapy protocol. Methods: This is a retrospective study where blood stream infection of major burns (&gt;20% Total Body Surface Area) were analysed. Results:155 patients fulfilled the criteria. Median age was 33 years. &nbsp;Median TBSA was 38%. 57.42% were males and 42.58% were females. Mortality was 25.16%. 50.9% of patients had positive blood culture. Expired patients had higher TBSA, Abbreviated Burns Severity Index score and earlier first positive blood culture. The most prevalent organisms grown from all blood cultures were Acinetobacter, staphylococci, Klebsiella, Enterococcus and pseudomonas. Candida is also commonly grown in blood cultures. All Acinetobacter species are always multidrug resistant. 8 of 14 patients had multidrug resistant Klebsiella.&nbsp; There were only 4 patients who had Methicilin resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) grown. The number of blood cultures samples taken ranged from 1 to 28 (median 6). First positive blood culture showed that Staphylococcus epidermidis&nbsp;&nbsp; and Acinetobacter are the most common organisms. Conclusion: In conclusion multidrug resistant Acinetobcater has become the most predominant microorganism grown in blood cultures of major burns in our unit. Empirical therapy should include antibiotics that are effective against it to reduce the mortality. Keywords: Infection; Blood; Burn; Resistance; Antibiotics; Culture

Bayes Estimation of the Mean of Normal Distribution Using Moving Extreme Ranked Set Sampling

Moving extreme ranked set sampling (MERSS) is one of useful modifications of ranked set sampling (RSS). The method has been investigated by many authors and proved to be a good competitor to simple random sampling (SRS). In this paper, Bayes estimation of the mean of normal distribution based on MERSS is considered and compared with SRS counterpart. The suggested estimators are found to be more efficient than that from SRS