O contributo da televisão de Moçambique na construção da identidade nacional : estudo do caso : análise do programa "Ver Moçambique"

Dissertação de mestrado em Ciências da Comunicação (área de especialização em Informação e Jornalismo)O presente trabalho corresponde à dissertação no âmbito do Mestrado em Ciências da Comunicação, na área de especialização em Informação e Jornalismo. Vários investigadores, políticos e sociedade em geral têm debatido a questão da identidade, quer a nível local, nacional ou mesmo do mundo e os meios de comunicação social têm tido um papel preponderante na construção das identidades sociais. Sendo assim, consideramos pertinente analisar, empiricamente, a forma como a Televisão de Moçambique - E.P., através do programa Ver Moçambique contribui para a construção da identidade dos moçambicanos. Nesta investigação começámos por efectuar uma revisão de literatura para a conceptualização do tema e fizemos algumas entrevistas exploratórias aos produtores do programa, neste caso, os jornalistas e directores e personalidades que estiveram ligadas ao processo da criação da empresa, Televisão de Moçambique e do programa “Ver Moçambique”. Seguidamente efectuámos a análise de dois meses (Setembro e Outubro de 2010) de emissões do programa “Ver Moçambique”. Para tal procedemos à análise de conteúdo das peças emitidas nesse período usando o método estatístico. Os resultados da nossa investigação indicam que a maior parte das peças produzidas retratam a vida das comunidades, ainda que tenham a ver com as sedes dos distritos e reflictam as realizações do Governo e ONGs, uma vez que os jornalistas do “Ver Moçambique” para se deslocarem a estes pontos fora da capital provincial, praticamente, fazem-no quando há visitas dos responsáveis das entidades acima citadas. Por outro lado, observamos que, das peças produzidas a representatividade do cidadão comum perdeu espaço no programa devido à pressão exercida pelos governos provinciais às equipas da TVM para mostrarem as suas actividades e serem os protagonistas neste espaço dedicado às realizações do cidadão comum. Por último foram efectuadas entrevistas a pessoas da sede do distrito de Magude que apontaram ser um programa importante para o processo de construção da identidade nacional e união dos moçambicanos. Do material analisado e das entrevistas efectuadas aos receptores do programa podemos concluir que o resultado é positivo, na medida em que confrontando os dois dados em análise pode se considerar que as peças reproduzidas vão ao encontro da realidade da população, embora ainda, haver um caminho a percorrer para trazer o espelho de todo o país. Acreditamos que esta pesquisa poderá contribuir para a percepção da realidade moçambicana, olhando para a forma como a TVM o representa na produção do seu programa “Ver Moçambique”.This dissertation reports a research conducted in the scope of the master degree in Communication Science in the field of journalist and information. Most of the researchers, politicians and the society in general, have been discussing about the identity, in local, national as well as international arena, and the media plays a very important role in building social identities. In this regards, we carried out an empirical analysis regarding how the Mozambique public television TVM-EP, through the program “Ver Moçambique”, is contributing for building the identity of Mozambican people. In this dissertation we started with literature review, in order to understand the concept of the subject topic, and we also conducted interviews focusing in the staff working for “Ver Moçambique” program, namely: journalists and directors and all staff that have been full involved in creation of the company including those that set up the he program “Ver Moçambique”. Furthermore, we carried out an analysis of the program during a period of two months of the broadcasting (September and October 2010) and a statistical method was used to assess the content of the program. The results of our research indicate that the major part of the program covers the life of the community, although the program focus mainly in the capitals of district reflecting the achievements of the government and NGO (Non Government Organization), taking into account that the journalist working for “Ver Moçambique” travel to the field only when there is visit from government or NGO representative to a certain district. In addition to that, we notice quite often the program is slightly covering less aspect related to the public as such, due to the pressure subjected to the TVM working tem from provincial government that focus in covering their activities (government activities), therefore, the coverage of public aspect is reducing. Interview was carried out to a certain people living the capital of district of Magude, and they still believe that the program play important role in the process of building national identity and union among Mozambican. Based on the analysis of the program and the interviews carried out among the audience, we reached a conclusion that the overall result is positive, in the sense that after doing the collect data, we found out that the program covers the reality of the different communities although there is still room for improvement in order to reflect the whole country. We believe that the result of this research will contribute for perception of Mozambican reality by looking at the way how the program “Ver Moçambique” is produced

Infrared based technology to determine strength of concrete

Infrared Thermography is an alternative tool to measure concrete strength apart of using compressive machine method. This study is about developing a Non-Destructive method using infrared-based technology to measure the strength of concrete in order to preserve the structure’s surface. Infrared Thermography is a technology that becomes well-known in the Civil Engineering field due to its non-contact characteristics. It allowed users to detect change of temperature on an object surfaces. The objectives of this study are to develop a non-destructive testing method that able to detect high strength concrete by using infrared technology and to determine the correlation of infrared thermography, strength, and porosity of the concrete. This method will be a positive impact to civil engineering and architectural field as the method promote an aesthetics finishing to determine concrete strength without having to crush the concrete. This method started by producing different concrete grade (Grade 30, Grade 35, Grade 40, Grade 45, Grade 50, Grade 55 and Grade 60) with size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm to be experimented using the Non-Destructive Testing (NDT) and Destructive Testing (DT). The infrared thermal images sampling was done on Day 7 and Day 28 of concrete curing. There are 3 thermal images taken from 2 surface of concrete cubes for each grade of concrete. The step afterward was to convert the thermal images into contour plot image using MATLAB software and then the contour plot will be analysed using AutoCAD by selecting the 3-point circle function to determine the diameter of each thermal colour on the infrared images. There are 3 main thermal colour focus in this study which are White. Yellow, and, Orange. The white thermal colour indicate the highest temperature among the other two thermal colour since the heat was applied directly on to that area before spread to the yellow and orange area. The DT were done right after the NDT process. The analysis of result is continued by finding out the lower, middle, and upper limit of yellow and orange thermal colour. However, since the white thermal colour is at the middle of the infrared images, it only had the upper limit only. The result shown that the most reliable thermal colour that have the highest correlation between the diameter of thermal colours and concrete grade is the white thermal colour with an R2 value of 0.9877. While for the correlation between the diameter of thermal colours and porosity of concrete, the white thermal colour show the lowest correlation with an R2 value of 0.7673. This is due to when an object is in high temperature state, the particles of the object move faster, thus no matter how porous the concrete is, the result will be less effective. Compare to the yellow and orange thermal colour, the temperatures start to spread across the concrete surface and the particle movement start to stabilize. Since the orange thermal colour is the most in the most outer side, it shows the highest R2 value. The result from AutoCAD then gather and analyse to find the correlation between the concrete grade, porosity, and the diameter of the contour plot. The correlation between the three of them are acceptable and the objectives are considered achieved. The analysis of result show that higher concrete grade, is in a less porous state, means it is denser, and transfer the heat faster on a concrete surface, thus making the diameter of each thermal colour bigger on the infrared images