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Not AvailableThe antifungal potential of solvent extracts of four plants, viz. Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thw. (PL), Paederia foetida (PF), Limonia acidissima L. (LA) and Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del. (BA), were screened during the year 2010 and 2011 against important plant pathogenic fungi. The methanol, petroleum ether, chloroform and water extracts, of the plants were bio-assayed against test fungi, Rhizoctonia bataticola, R. solani, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, S. rolfsii, Fusarium oxysporum, Alternaria alternata and Pythium aphanidermatum. Out of 16 plant extracts, extracts of P. longifolia recorded significant antifungal activity (up to 84% inhibition) against almost all test fungi. The methanol extract of P. longifolia gave most promising results for inhibiting the test fungi, resulting in inhibition concentration (IC50) in the range of 200-600 ppm. Hence, a single methanol extract of the plant P. longifolia could act as a promising biofungicide for inhibiting the growth of different fungi responsible for crop losses. Thus these plants extracts have potential to act as effective fungicide.Not Availabl

Multimodal Medical Image Sensor Fusion Framework Using Cascade of Wavelet and Contourlet Transform Domains

Multimodal medical image fusion is effectuated to minimize the redundancy while augmenting the necessary information from the input images acquired using different medical imaging sensors. The sole aim is to yield a single fused image, which could be more informative for an efficient clinical analysis. This paper presents a two-stage multimodal fusion framework using the cascaded combination of stationary wavelet transform (SWT) and non sub-sampled Contourlet transform (NSCT) domains for images acquired using two distinct medical imaging sensor modalities (i.e., magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scan). The major advantage of using a cascaded combination of SWT and NSCT is to improve upon the shift variance, directionality, and phase information in the finally fused image. The first stage employs a principal component analysis algorithm in SWT domain to minimize the redundancy. Maximum fusion rule is then applied in NSCT domain at second stage to enhance the contrast of the diagnostic features. A quantitative analysis of fused images is carried out using dedicated fusion metrics. The fusion responses of the proposed approach are also compared with other state-of-the-art fusion approaches; depicting the superiority of the obtained fusion results

Turning Hazardous Diesel Soot into High Performance Carbon/MnO2 Supercapacitive Energy Storage Material

Diesel exhaust is one of the main sources of atmospheric soot and fine particles. These particles are known to cause human cancer, heart and lung damage, and mental disfunctioning and are responsible for millions of deaths every year. While research and development to reduce diesel particulate emission is ongoing, there is no policy to dispose of or recycle the produced soot. An alternative would be to harness the diesel soot to produce carbon and its nanocomposites. This can be used for value-added products like materials used in energy storage electrodes in supercapacitor devices or Li-ion batteries. In the outlined article, a one-step treatment of diesel soot, collected from the exhaust tube of a diesel engine is demonstrated to synthesize core shell alpha-MnO2 center dot 0.3H(2)O/carbon nanocomposite. The obtained carbon nanocomposite exhibits concurrent high conductivity and meso/microporosity in conjunction with hydrophilicity leading to a high performance electrode by storing 425 F/g (@.5 mV/s) and 185.76 F/g (@0.8 A/g) in a supercapacitor cell with 97.5% capacitance retention over 5000 GCD cycles. Furthermore, the nanocomposite obtained from diesel soot demonstrated efficient supercapacitive performance by maintaining high energy density 25.5 Wh/kg at 555.2 W/kg (power density)

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Not AvailableIn the present study an indigenous biopesticide formulation (BPF) comprising easily accessible botanicals along with cow urine, was evaluated for its efficacy against insect pests of tomato crop under field. BPF gave promising results in controlling tomato fruit borers and afforded a substantial yield of the produce. The BPF treatment could control 70–80% of fruit borers compared to check plots, resulting in an enhanced fruit yield of 35 tonnes/ha as compared to 15 tonnes/ha in the check plots. The main aim of this study was to reduce the load of synthetic chemical pesticides and evaluate indigenous knowledge as an alternate component of pest management to have pesticide residuefree tomatoNot Availabl

Morphometric analysis of posterior cranial fossa and foramen magnum and it’s clinical implications in craniovertebral junction malformations: a computed tomography based institutional study in a tertiary care hospital of northern part of India

Abstract Background The posterior cranial fossa (PCF) and the foramen magnum (FM) are the critical anatomical components of the craniovertebral junction region, which comprise and transmit numerous vital neurovascular structures. So, a fundamental knowledge of the basic radiological anatomy of PCF and FM is of paramount importance in the evaluation of associated pathologies and approaching these areas surgically. The aim of this study is to describe different linear and angular craniometric parameters of PCF, FM and surrounding territory based on reconstructed computed tomography (CT) images. Material and methods This study was conducted in our tertiary care hospital in northern India from the period of January 2023 to June 2023 on 120 patients, and CT screening was done for the head and spine region following a history of head injury. Results In this study, 120 patients were included, of whom 50.83% (n = 61) were females and 49.17% (n = 59) were males. Age ranged from 18 to 70 years with mean age of 43.5 ± 14.08 years. The mean values for linear craniometric parameters of PCF were statistically nonsignificant for different age groups. Statistically significant differences were found for twinning line (TL) (p < 0.0001), McRae’s line (< 0.0001), clivus length (< p < 0.0001), internal occipital protuberence -opisthion line (p = 0.01), Klaus’ index (p < 0.0001), height of posterior fossa (h) (p < 0.0001), h/TL (p = 0.028), when these values were compared for the genders. The measurements of FM transverse diameter, anteroposterior diameter and area were 27.12 ± 1.42 mm (range 23.6–30.1 mm), 30.99 ± 2.23 mm (range 27.6–35.8 mm) and 691.32 ± 30.35 mm2 (range 632.7–777.7 mm2). The values of clivus canal angle (p = 0.038) and clivoodontoid angle (p = 0.012) were statistically significant when compared for different age groups. The values of Boogard’s angle (p = 0.021) and tentorial slope (p = 0.031) were statistically significant when these were compared for the genders. Conclusions This study described almost all the linear and angular craniometric parameters used in the morphometric analysis of PCF and FM. The findings of this study provide valuable data regarding linear and angular craniometric parameters of PCF and FM which can redefine reference values

Ultrahigh Performance Supercapacitor from Lacey Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanoribbons

High performance lacey reduced graphene oxide nanoribbons (LRGONR) were chemically synthesized. Holes created during the LRGONR synthesis not only enhanced the electrolytic accessibility but destacked all the graphene layers through protrusion at edge planes and corrugation in individual graphene. LRGONR in a supercapacitor cell showed ultrahigh performance in terms of specific capacitance and capacity retention. Consistently in aqueous, nonaqueous, and ionic electrolytes, LRGONR symmetric supercapacitor exhibited exceptionally high energy/power density, typically 15.06 W h kg^–1/807 W kg^–1 in aqueous at 1.7 A g^–1, 90 W h kg^–1/2046.8 W kg^–1 in nonaqueous at 1.8 A g^–1, and 181.5 W h kg^–1/2316.8 W kg^–1 in ionic electrolyte at ∼1.6 A g^–1

Synthesis of hydrophilic carbon black; role of hydrophilicity in maintaining the hydration level and protonic conduction

We report the low-temperature (250 degrees C) synthesis of high-performance hydrophilic carbon black for application as a conducting filler in supercapacitor electrodes. Increased water content, due to the hydrophilicity, maintained the uniform hydration level of MnO2/carbon composite electrodes, with good protonic conduction. This results in an increase in the total specific capacitance by 24%