Recent advances in Bi-doped fiber lasers and amplifiers

This paper will review the influence of fiber fabrication and selection of pump wavelength on the performance of Bismuth (Bi)-doped fiber lasers and amplifiers operating in the near-IR region

Progress towards efficient Bi fiber lasers and amplifiers

Here, we review our recent results in BASFs and BPSFs those were fabricated by the MCVD-solution doping technique

Causality between Electricity Consumption & Economic growth : Empirical Evidence from India

In this study ,an attempt has been made to investigate causality between electricity consumption and economic growth in India by adopting Granger Engel causality model for 1960-2006 period .Test results shows that electricity consumption has positive effect on economic growth. The paper support for the reforms in power sector and indicates that electricity act as a catalyst in realizing various social and economic goals

Causality between Electricity Consumption & Economic growth : Empirical Evidence from India

In this study ,an attempt has been made to investigate causality between electricity consumption and economic growth in India by adopting Granger Engel causality model for 1960-2006 period .Test results shows that electricity consumption has positive effect on economic growth. The paper support for the reforms in power sector and indicates that electricity act as a catalyst in realizing various social and economic goals

Bi-doped fiber amplifiers: optical properties, challenges and applications

Bismuth (Bi)-doped optical fibers are of great interest because of the broad luminescence offered by them. These fibers have huge potential to develop lasers and amplifiers in wavelength bands uncovered by the rare earth (RE)-doped materials such as Ytterbium, Erbium, and Thulium. Bi-doped aluminosilicate, phosphosilicate and germanosilicate fibers have shown luminescence around 1150nm, 1300nm and 1450nm bands, respectively. The lasers and amplifiers in these bands have widespread applications in medicine, astronomy and material processing as well as optical fiber communication. Here, we introduce the optical properties of Bi-doped fibers and current challenges for their optimum performance. We also review our recent developments in Bi-doped aluminosilicate and phosphosilicate fiber amplifiers operating in different wavelength bands of the near-IR region and their applications

Crystal structure of an antibody bound to an immunodominant peptide epitope: novel features in peptide-antibody recognition

The crystal structure of Fab of an Ab PC283 complexed with its corresponding peptide Ag, PS1 (HQLDPAFGANSTNPD), derived from the hepatitis B virus surface Ag was determined. The PS1 stretch Gln2P to Phe7P is present in the Ag binding site of the Ab, while the next three residues of the peptide are raised above the binding groove. The residues Ser11P, Thr12P, and Asn13P then loop back onto the Ag-binding site of the Ab. The last two residues, Pro14P and Asp15P, extend outside the binding site without forming any contacts with the Ab. The PC283-PS1 complex is among the few examples where the light chain complementarity-determining regions show more interactions than the heavy chain complementarity-determining regions, and a distal framework residue is involved in Ag binding. As seen from the crystal structure, most of the contacts between peptide and Ab are through the five residues, Leu3-Asp4-Pro5-Ala6-Phe7, of PS1. The paratope is predominantly hydrophobic with aromatic residues lining the binding pocket, although a salt bridge also contributes to stabilizing the Ag-Ab interaction. The molecular surface area buried upon PS1 binding is 756 Å2 for the peptide and 625 Å2 for the Fab, which is higher than what has been seen to date for Ab-peptide complexes. A comparison between PC283 structure and a homology model of its germline ancestor suggests that paratope optimization for PS1 occurs by improving both charge and shape complementarity

A review on our latest amplifier and laser demonstrations by Bi-doped fibers

Bismuth (Bi)-doped fibers paved the way to develop amplifiers and lasers in 1150-1800nm wavelength range owing to its host dependent luminescence characteristics. Bi-doped aluminosilicate (BAS), phosphosilicate (BPS) and germanosilicate (BGS) fibers have shown luminescence around 1150nm, 1300nm and 1450nm, respectively. Here, we present the fabrication of Bi-doped fibers with aluminosilicate and phosphosilicate hosts by the MCVD-solution doping technique. These fibers were characterised for absorption and unsaturable loss (UL). The obtained results were used to select an appropriate pump wavelength for amplifier and laser development. Bi-doped aluminosilicate and phosphosilicate fiber amplifiers have been demonstrated in different wavelength bands. In addition, an 110mW Bi-doped phosphosilicate fiber laser operating at 1360nm has been reported

Economic Impact of Climate Change on Agriculture Sector of Coastal Odisha

AbstractThe present study tries to explore the economic impact of climate change on agriculture of the coastal zone of Odisha using Ricardian approach. The climate response function of the farm level net revenue has been estimated through pooled cross-section and time series regression analysis. The results reveal that most of the climate variables and control variables have significant influence on the net revenue per hectare of the region. Using the estimated trends of the various seasons over 30 years, it is found that the rising temperature might adversely affect the coastal zone's agriculture of Odisha

Amplifier and laser demonstrations in Bi-doped silica optical fibers

We will review the influence of fiber fabrication and selection of pump wavelengths on gain, noise figure and laser efficiency of Bismuth (Bi)-doped fiber amplifiers and lasers operating in the wavelength region of 1150-1400nm