Homotopification and categorification of Leibniz conformal algebras

Bakalov, Kac and Voronov introduced Leibniz conformal algebras (and their cohomology) as a non-commutative analogue of Lie conformal algebras. Leibniz conformal algebras are closely related to field algebras which are non-skew-symmetric generalizations of vertex algebras. In this paper, we first introduce $Leib_\infty$-conformal algebras (also called strongly homotopy Leibniz conformal algebras) where the Leibniz conformal identity holds up to homotopy. We give some equivalent descriptions of $Leib_\infty$-conformal algebras and characterize some particular classes of $Leib_\infty$-conformal algebras in terms of the cohomology of Leibniz conformal algebras and crossed modules of Leibniz conformal algebras. On the other hand, we also introduce Leibniz conformal $2$-algebras that can be realized as the categorification of Leibniz conformal algebras. Finally, we observe that the category of Leibniz conformal $2$-algebras is equivalent to the category of $2$-term $Leib_\infty$-conformal algebras.Comment: Comments are welcom

Homotopy conformal algebras

The notion of conformal algebras was introduced by Victor G. Kac using the axiomatic description of the operator product expansion of chiral fields in conformal field theory. The structure theory, representations and cohomology of Lie and associative conformal algebras are extensively studied in the literature. In this paper, we first introduce $A_\infty$-conformal algebras as the homotopy analogue of associative conformal algebras, provide some equivalent descriptions and prove the homotopy transfer theorem. We characterize some $A_\infty$-conformal algebras in terms of Hochschild cohomology classes of associative conformal algebras. Next, we introduce associative conformal $2$-algebras as the categorification of associative conformal algebras. We show that the category of associative conformal $2$-algebras and the category of $2$-term $A_\infty$-conformal algebras are equivalent. Finally, we consider $L_\infty$-conformal algebras and find their relations with $A_\infty$-conformal algebras.Comment: 23 pages, comments are welcom

Preferential solvation of 4-(4-nitrophenylazo) aniline in alcohol-dioxane binary solvent mixture

Electronic spectroscopy is a suitable method for studying solvation. It has been observed that maximum energy of electronic transition of various solutes depends to a great extent on the local environment around the solute. In binary solvent, the composition of liquid mixture around the solute (solvation shell) is different from that of the bulk. The inhomogenecity created by the solute molecule in the solvation shell is known as preferential solvation. Owing to the applicability of various azo dyes and the importance to study solute-solvent interaction, herein we have made an attempt to study the preferential solvation of 4-(4-nitrophenylazo) aniline (NPA) in binary solvent mixtures of alcohol with dioxane. With increase in solvent polarity, the maximum spectroscopic absorption of NPA experience a red shift (bathochromic shift) indicating a positive solvatochromism. These facts can be explained in terms of the greater stabilization of the excited state compared to the ground state by greater solvating power of polar solvents through specific (hydrogen bonding) and nonspecific (dipole-dipole) interaction, which reduces the energy difference between ground and excited state intern reducing the maximum energy of absorption. In all the case, the molecule of solute is preferentially solvated by alcohols over dioxane due to (i) hydrogen bonding (ii) dipole- dipole interaction and (iii) apolar/hydrophobic interaction In some cases, synergism is observed due to higher solvent-solvent interaction than solute-solvent interaction. The balancing of both polar and apolar characetrisitcs in the solvent cage show significant solvatochromism

Spectroscopic comprehension of Mott-Hubbard insulator to negative charge transfer metal transition in LaNi_{x}V_{1-x}O_{3} thin films

The room temperature (300 K) electronic structure of pulsed laser deposited LaNi_{x}V_{1-x}O_{3} thin films have been demonstrated. The substitution of early-transition metal (TM) V in LaVO_{3} thin films with late-TM Ni leads to the decreasing in out-of-plane lattice parameter. Doping of Ni does not alter the formal valence state of Ni and V in LaNi_{x}V_{1-x}O_{3} thin films, divulging the absence of carrier doping into the system. The valence band spectrum is observed to comprise of incoherent structure owing to the localized V 3d band along with the coherent structure at Fermi level. With increase in Ni concentration, the weight of the coherent feature increases, which divulges its origin to the Ni 3d-O 2p hybridized band. The shift of Ni 3d-O 2p hybridized band towards higher energy in Ni doped LaVO_{3} films compared to the LaNiO_{3} film endorses the modification in ligand to metal charge transfer (CT) energy. The Ni doping in Mott-Hubbard insulator LaVO_{3} leads to the closure of Mott-Hubbard gap by building of spectral weight that provides the delocalized electrons for conduction. A transition from bandwidth control Mott-Hubbard insulator LaVO_{3} to negative CT metallicity character in LaNiO_{3} film is observed. The study reveals that unlike in Mott-Hubbard insulators where the strong Coulomb interaction between the 3d electrons decides the electronic structure of the system, CT energy can deliver an additional degree of freedom to optimize material properties in Ni doped LaVO_{3} films.Comment: 30 pages, 8 figure

Binding Pattern Elucidation of NNK and NNAL Cigarette Smoke Carcinogens with NER Pathway Enzymes: an Onco- Informatics Study

Cigarette smoke derivatives like NNK (4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone) and NNAL (4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butan-1-ol) are well-known carcinogens. We analyzed the interaction of enzymes involved in the NER (nucleotide excision repair) pathway with ligands (NNK and NNAL). Binding was characterized for the enzymes sharing equivalent or better interaction as compared to +Ve control. The highest obtained docking energy between NNK and enzymes RAD23A, CCNH, CDK7, and CETN2 were -7.13 kcal/mol, -7.27 kcal/mol, -8.05 kcal/mol and -7.58 kcal/mol respectively. Similarly the highest obtained docking energy between NNAL and enzymes RAD23A, CCNH, CDK7, and CETN2 were -7.46 kcal/mol, -7.94 kcal/mol, -7.83 kcal/mol and -7.67 kcal/mol respectively. In order to find out the effect of NNK and NNAL on enzymes involved in the NER pathway applying protein-protein interaction and protein-complex (i.e. enzymes docked with NNK/ NNAL) interaction analysis. It was found that carcinogens are well capable to reduce the normal functioning of genes like RAD23A (HR23A), CCNH, CDK7 and CETN2. In silico analysis indicated loss of functions of these genes and their corresponding enzymes, which possibly might be a cause for alteration of DNA repair pathways leading to damage buildup and finally contributing to cancer formation

Realizing Low-Temperature Charge-Transfer-Type Insulating Ground State in Strained V2O3Thin Film

Controlling the electronic properties of strongly correlated systems, observing electron-electron correlation-driven metal to insulator transition (MIT) is a key point for the next-generation solid-state Mottronic devices. Thus, the knowledge of the exact nature of the insulating state is an essential need to enhance the functionality of the material. Therefore, we have investigated the electronic nature of the insulating state of a classical Mott insulator V2O3 thin film (epitaxial) using low-temperature (LT) (120 K) resonant photoemission spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy measurements. Temperature-dependent valence band spectra (VBS) reflect the transfer of spectral weight from the metallic coherent band (AM) near the Fermi level (EF) to the insulating Mott-Hubbard screened band (CI) at a binding energy of around 2.4 eV. Such a transfer of spectral weight upon MIT leads to vanishing of the density of states at EF and opens a band gap. The strong presence of the 3dnL final state is observed near the EF of LT VBS, confirming the presence of an O 2p band participating in low-energy charge fluctuation. This study further endorses the charge-transfer (CT)-type (U > Δ) insulating nature of a strained V2O3 thin film at LT, unlike its bulk counterpart, which is placed intermediate (U-Δ) between the CT and the Mott-Hubbard regime. Modifying the electronic ground state of V2O3 to the CT nature via the epitaxial strain in thin films provides a way to tailor the electronic energetics, with its implications to next-generation correlation-derived switching devices

Plasma Wakefield Acceleration with a Modulated Proton Bunch

The plasma wakefield amplitudes which could be achieved via the modulation of a long proton bunch are investigated. We find that in the limit of long bunches compared to the plasma wavelength, the strength of the accelerating fields is directly proportional to the number of particles in the drive bunch and inversely proportional to the square of the transverse bunch size. The scaling laws were tested and verified in detailed simulations using parameters of existing proton accelerators, and large electric fields were achieved, reaching 1 GV/m for LHC bunches. Energy gains for test electrons beyond 6 TeV were found in this case.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

Pion-Xi correlations in Au-Au collisions at STAR

We present pion-Xi correlation analysis in Au-Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)= 200 GeV and sqrt(s_NN) = 62.4 GeV, performed using the STAR detector at RHIC. A Xi*(1530) resonance signal is observed for the first time in Au-Au collisions. Experimental data are compared with theoretical predictions. The strength of the Xi* peak is reproduced in the correlation function assuming that pions and Xis emerge from a system in collective expansion.Comment: To appear in the proceedings of 18th Nuclear Physics Division Conference of the EPS (NPDC18),Prague, 23.8.-29.8. 200