TOTAL DUST EXPOSURE AND SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF AIR BORNE PARTICLES IN DAY-CARE CENTRES, SCHOOLS AND OFFICES

ABSTRACT In parallel the particle size distribution in six interval from 0.3 µm ->20 µm are reported. No seasonal variation in total dust concentration could be seen. Sudden increase in number of the particles in the smallest intervals are found at night for some systems when they are shut down or working on reduced speed

Host renal cell production of cytokines and cytotoxicity in response to ESBL isolate 7.

<p>A) IL-6 and IL-8 production from A498 renal epithelial cells after stimulation for 6 h with the original ESBL7 isolate or with ESBL7 that have been pre-exposed 20 times to CORM-2 (250 μM) or vehicle (2.5% DMSO). B) Host renal cell cytotoxicity measured as LDH-release during the same conditions as in panel A and normalized to unstimulated and lysed control cells. Data are presented as mean ± SEM from three independent experiments. Asterisk denotes statistical significance (*p<0.05).</p

Effect of CORM-2 exposure on viability in <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> K12 strain MG1655.

<p>MG1655 was grown to early log phase in MS-medium and then exposed to <b>A)</b> CORM-2 (500 μM) for 1, 2 or 24 h or to <b>B)</b> CORM-2 (250 μM) for 1, 2, 4, 8 or 24 h. <b>C)</b> Bacteria with a recovered growth after 24 h of exposure to 250 μM CORM-2 (<i>see</i> panel B) were re-exposed to a higher concentration of CORM-2 (500 μM) and the viability evaluated. Data show viability after first-time exposure and after pre-exposure 10 or 20 times to CORM-2 (250 μM) or vehicle (2.5% DMSO). Viability is presented as log CFU/ml of CORM-2 exposed bacteria compared with the initial starting inoculum. The data are shown as mean ± SEM from three independent experiments.</p

ESBL-producing <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> genes associated with defence, stress response or repair that are differentially expressed following exposure to CORM-2 (250 μM) versus vehicle (2.5% DMSO).

<p>ESBL-producing <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> genes associated with defence, stress response or repair that are differentially expressed following exposure to CORM-2 (250 μM) versus vehicle (2.5% DMSO).</p

MIC values for CORM-2, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and trimethoprim for ESBL-producing <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> isolate 7, uropathogenic UPEC isolate 2 or non-pathogenic MG1655 in response to first-time exposure to CORM-2 and after 10 or 20 times pre-exposure to CORM-2 (250 μM) or vehicle (2.5% DMSO).

<p>MIC values for CORM-2, ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime and trimethoprim for ESBL-producing <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> isolate 7, uropathogenic UPEC isolate 2 or non-pathogenic MG1655 in response to first-time exposure to CORM-2 and after 10 or 20 times pre-exposure to CORM-2 (250 μM) or vehicle (2.5% DMSO).</p

Enriched gene ontologies, common for both first-time exposed and 20 times repeated exposure to CORM-2 (250 μM) versus vehicle (2.5% DMSO) in ESBL-producing <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i>.

<p>Enriched gene ontologies, common for both first-time exposed and 20 times repeated exposure to CORM-2 (250 μM) versus vehicle (2.5% DMSO) in ESBL-producing <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i>.</p

ESBL-producing <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> genes associated with the functional category virulence that are differentially expressed following exposure to CORM-2 (250 μM) versus vehicle (2.5% DMSO).

<p>ESBL-producing <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> genes associated with the functional category virulence that are differentially expressed following exposure to CORM-2 (250 μM) versus vehicle (2.5% DMSO).</p

Venn diagram of differently expressed entities in ESBL isolate 7.

<p>Shown in red, first-time exposure to CORM-2 (250 μM) versus first-time exposure to vehicle (2.5% DMSO); in blue, pre-exposed 20 times to CORM-2 versus pre-exposed 20 times to vehicle. Up- and down-regulated entities are designated U and D respectively (n = 4 in each group). Overlapping regions represent entities present in both experimental conditions.</p

Differentially expressed genes of ESBL-producing <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> following exposure to CORM-2 (250 μM) versus vehicle (2.5% DMSO).

<p>Differentially expressed genes of ESBL-producing <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> following exposure to CORM-2 (250 μM) versus vehicle (2.5% DMSO).</p

Quantitative real-time PCR data for ESBL-producing <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> genes following exposure to CORM-2 (250 μM) versus vehicle (2.5% DMSO).

<p>Quantitative real-time PCR data for ESBL-producing <i>E</i>. <i>coli</i> genes following exposure to CORM-2 (250 μM) versus vehicle (2.5% DMSO).</p