Shielding effect on oxidative stress and immune modulating potential of Himalayan Musk Rose (Rosa brunonii Lindl.)

Rosa brunonii Lindl., a wildly growing species of rose is used widely by the folklore of the Himalayan region for various food and traditional medicinal purposes. The present study aims to evaluate the protective effects against oxidative stress markers and immunomodulation of Rosa brunonii Lindl. The crude extracts (chloroform, methanol, and aqueous) and subsequent fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, and aqueous) of both the leaves and flowers were evaluated for antioxidant potential (DPPH free radicals scavenging, chelation capacity on ferrous ions, FRAP activity, and reducing activity), DNA protection (DNA strand nicking) and immunomodulatory potential (humoral antibody titre) and cell-mediated (DTH immune responses and lymphocytic proliferation). The antioxidant study indicated that among all, methanol fraction (leaves) possessed remarkable antioxidant potential with the highest DPPH free radical scavenging (IC50 32.3±1.15 µg/mL), chelation capacity on ferrous ions (66±0.22%), reducing power (EC50124.4±0.17 µg/mL), FRAP (3996±2.17 µM/g dry wt.) as well as highest amounts of total phenols (250±0.54 GAE mg/g dry wt.) and flavonoids (344±1.76 QE mg/g dry wt.). Moreover, a significant reduction in plasmid DNA damage was also observed. Immunomodulatory results of methanol fraction (flowers) at 100 µg/mL showed maximum stimulation with 125% on humoral response, 166% on cell-mediated response and significant suppressive effect on mitogen-induced lymphocytic proliferation. The active constituent identified in methanol fraction (leaves) through RP-HPLC analysis was myricetin and from methanol fraction (flowers) was p-coumaric acid. This study concluded that the leaves of R. brunonii are a rich source of natural antioxidants and immune-modulating agents which can be further explored for establishing their pharmacological potential

Shielding effect on oxidative stress and immune modulating potential of Himalayan Musk Rose (Rosa brunonii Lindl.)

400-417Rosa brunonii Lindl., a wildly growing species of rose is used widely by the folklore of the Himalayan region for various food and traditional medicinal purposes. The present study aims to evaluate the protective effects against oxidative stress markers and immunomodulation of Rosa brunonii Lindl. The crude extracts (chloroform, methanol, and aqueous) and subsequent fractions (chloroform, ethyl acetate, acetone, methanol, and aqueous) of both the leaves and flowers were evaluated for antioxidant potential (DPPH free radicals scavenging, chelation capacity on ferrous ions, FRAP activity, and reducing activity), DNA protection (DNA strand nicking) and immunomodulatory potential (humoral antibody titre) and cell-mediated (DTH immune responses and lymphocytic proliferation). The antioxidant study indicated that among all, methanol fraction (leaves) possessed remarkable antioxidant potential with the highest DPPH free radical scavenging (IC50 32.3±1.15 μg/mL), chelation capacity on ferrous ions (66±0.22%), reducing power (EC50124.4±0.17 μg/mL), FRAP (3996±2.17 μM/g dry wt.) as well as highest amounts of total phenols (250±0.54 GAE mg/g dry wt.) and flavonoids (344±1.76 QE mg/g dry wt.). Moreover, a significant reduction in plasmid DNA damage was also observed. Immunomodulatory results of methanol fraction (flowers) at 100 μg/mL showed maximum stimulation with 125% on humoral response, 166% on cell-mediated response and significant suppressive effect on mitogen-induced lymphocytic proliferation. The active constituent identified in methanol fraction (leaves) through RP-HPLC analysis was myricetin and from methanol fraction (flowers) was p-coumaric acid. This study concluded that the leaves of R. brunonii are a rich source of natural antioxidants and immune-modulating agents which can be further explored for establishing their pharmacological potential

Effects of Income and Language on Health Literacy: A Study Between a Student-Run Free Clinic and a Family Medicine Office

Background: Over one-third of the US population exhibit limited health literacy, leading to negative health outcomes and lifestyle choices. By employing the NVS assessment, RCHC sought to compare the health literacy levels of uninsured patients at their facility with those of insured patients at the Rowan Family Medicine office in Hammonton, NJ. This study aimed to assess specific factors that may influence health literacy levels. Methods: This is an IRB-approved study which surveyed patients enrolled at the RCHC and Rowan Family Medicine Office between February 2021 and March 2023. Patients were given a nutrition label and verbally answered the NVS Assessment. Data was recorded via Qualtrics forms, and analysis was conducted with Fisher’s Exact Test in IBM SPSS Statistics. Results: A statistically significant increase in prevalence of limited literacy compared to adequate literacy among patients below the poverty line (p=0.038) and Spanish speaking patients (p=0.041). No significant difference between limited literacy and adequate literacy based on location of care, insurance status, gender, or education level. Conclusions: Income below the poverty line and Spanish as a primary language played a significant role in health literacy in our patient population. Since limited health literacy is highly prevalent in the US, it is important that physicians allot more time to explain medical terms to patients whose primary language is not English or who are from a low socioeconomic status. In the future, the RCHC hopes to design and implement a health literacy course for patients

Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oil and Extracts of Valeriana jatamansi Roots

Valeriana jatamansi is an indigenous medicinal plant used in the treatment of a number of diseases. In the present study, chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by GC-MS. Seven major components were identified in Valeriana jatamansi essential oil, namely, β-vatirenene, β-patchoulene, dehydroaromadendrene, β-gurjunene, patchoulic alcohol, β-guaiene, and α-muurolene. Methanolic, aqueous, and chloroform extracts of Valeriana jatamansi roots were also prepared and analyzed for their polyphenols and flavonoid content. Antioxidant activity of essential oil and different extracts of Valeriana jatamansi roots was determined by DPPH radical scavenging and chelation power assay. A linear correlation has been obtained by comparing the antioxidant activity and polyphenols and flavonoid content of the extracts. Results indicated that antioxidant activity of methanolic extract could be attributed to the presence of rich amount of polyphenols and flavonoid. Essential oil of Valeriana jatamansi roots showed moderate antioxidant activity

Antioxidant activity of essential oil and extracts of Valeriana jatamansiroots,”

Valeriana jatamansi is an indigenous medicinal plant used in the treatment of a number of diseases. In the present study, chemical composition of the essential oil was determined by GC-MS. Seven major components were identified in Valeriana jatamansi essential oil, namely, -vatirenene, -patchoulene, dehydroaromadendrene, -gurjunene, patchoulic alcohol, -guaiene, andmuurolene. Methanolic, aqueous, and chloroform extracts of Valeriana jatamansi roots were also prepared and analyzed for their polyphenols and flavonoid content. Antioxidant activity of essential oil and different extracts of Valeriana jatamansi roots was determined by DPPH radical scavenging and chelation power assay. A linear correlation has been obtained by comparing the antioxidant activity and polyphenols and flavonoid content of the extracts. Results indicated that antioxidant activity of methanolic extract could be attributed to the presence of rich amount of polyphenols and flavonoid. Essential oil of Valeriana jatamansi roots showed moderate antioxidant activity

Issues with Denmark's Health IT

This project assisted Forbrugerraadet (the Danish Consumer Council) in identifying issues that Danish consumers of health information technology systems face, with a focus on the domains of privacy and interoperability. We held 14 interviews with health IT experts and stakeholders from different organizations to gain a balanced perspective when understanding the issues. We identified nine major issues for patients and healthcare providers and provided eight recommendations to address these issues. These issues and recommendations were presented in a policy paper that Forbrugerraadet can distribute to Danish legislators

Iron (FeII) chelation, ferric reducing antioxidant power, and immune modulating potential of Arisaema jacquemontii (Himalayan Cobra Lily). BioMed Res

This study explored the antioxidant and immunomodulatory potential of ethnomedicinally valuable species, namely, Arisaema jacquemontii of north-western Himalayan region. The tubers, leaves, and fruits of this plant were subjected to extraction using different solvents. In vitro antioxidant studies were performed in terms of chelation power on ferrous ions and FRAP assay. The crude methanol extract of leaves was found to harbour better chelating capacity (58% at 100 g/mL) and reducing power (FRAP value 1085.4 ± 0.11 MFe 3+ /g dry wt.) than all the other extracts. The crude methanol extract was thus further partitioned with solvents to yield five fractions. Antioxidant study of fractions suggested that the methanol fraction possessed significant chelation capacity (49.7% at 100 g/mL) and reducing power with FRAP value of 1435.4 M/g dry wt. The fractions were also studied for immune modulating potential where it was observed that hexane fraction had significant suppressive effect on mitogen induced T-cell and B-cell proliferation and remarkable stimulating effect on humoral response by 141% and on DTH response by 168% in immune suppressed mice as compared to the controls. Therefore, it can be concluded that A. jacquemontii leaves hold considerable antioxidant and immunomodulating potential and they can be explored further for the identification of their chemical composition for a better understanding of their biological activities

Analysis of chemical composition of <em>Cupressus torulosa</em> (D.Don) essential oil and bioautography guided evaluation of its antimicrobial fraction

252-257Cupressus torulosa D. Don, known as the Himalayan or Bhutan cypress, is one of the medicinal plants commonly used in the Indian System of Medicine for various ailments. The present study evaluates the chemical composition and inhibitory potential of the essential oil and three different extracts (chloroform, methanol and aqueous) of aerial parts of C. torulosa. Chemical composition of essential oil was determined by GC-MS that showed the presence of four major components viz., α-pinene (45.44%), 3-carene (38.34%), terpinolene (5.36%) and aromadendrene (6.32%). Essential oil showed significant inhibitory activity against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas alcaligenes, Micrococcus luteus and Bacillus cereus in comparison to the different extracts. Essential oil also showed good antifungal activity against the three fungal pathogens viz., Alternaria alternata, Curvularia lunata and Bipolaris specifera. TLC-bioautography was used to screen the antibacterial components of the essential oil. Analysis showed the presence of four zones of inhibition on bioautography plate at Rf values 0.80, 0.70, 0.61 and 0.46. This study has demonstrated the presence of four potential antibacterial compounds in the essential oil of Cupressus torulosa

Comparative evaluation of accuracy of different generations of electronic apex locator in determining the correct working length: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Aim: Different approaches are used to determine the working length of the root canal. The current and most widely researched are the electronic apex locators (EALs). Since the early apex locators were developed in 1942, several generations had their qualities and shortcomings developed. Thus, a comparative evaluation of the accuracy of different generations of EALs in determining the correct working length: Systemic review and meta-analysis to analyze individual studies quantitively and draw conclusions on the best generation of apex locator currently used. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on different electronic databases and by manual search. Studies comparing third and fifth generations with fourth-generation apex locators were subject to strict inclusion criteria followed by data extraction and meta-analysis. Results: Following the meta-analysis, the accuracy is fifth>fourth>third generation of apex locators. Conclusion: Analysis of individual studies quantitatively will give a better understanding of which devices to use to accurately determine the working length