A Study on The Prevalence of Overweight and Associated Risk Factors in Urban Adult Women (19-49 Years) Of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is escalating worldwide, and it has been acknowledged as a global issue by the World Health Organization (WHO). Even though India's overweight rates are comparatively lower than those of Western countries, they are steadily increasing. Therefore, it becomes crucial to understand the extent of overweight in cities like Kolkata. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight among urban adult women (aged 19-49 years) in the South 24 Parganas district of West Bengal, India. A cross-sectional survey was conducted, involving 130 subjects, and a pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-economic details, physical activity, dietary patterns, and perceptions and knowledge related to overweight through interviews. The outcome variables measured were Body Mass Index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). Univariate, bivariate, and logistic regression analyses were performed using MS Excel. There was a 54% overweight prevalence among urban adult women, and a 67.4% abdominal obesity prevalence. Several factors were significantly associated with being overweight (having a BMI over 25). These factors included women perceiving themselves as thinner than they actually are, being aged over 35 years, and having a husband who is self-employed. In urban West Bengal, overweight, obesity, and abdominal obesity levels are considerably high. This highlights the urgency of addressing the issue of overweight in this region and calls for targeted interventions to promote healthier lifestyles and combat the growing problem of overweight and obesity

A Review on Therapeutic Effects of L-Carnitine: An Update

Metabolic syndrome and obesity are two major determinants for many noncommunicable diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes and cancer. Lifestyle modification, dietary interventions and weight loss are found to be efficacious remedies. In alternative medications, many functional foods and nutraceuticals have contributed significantly until now. L-carnitine is one of them, which is gaining importance as an ergogenic aid among athletes for muscle building and energy production. It has supported many medical therapies for the treatment of liver, heart and other diseases. It is available in pharmacological form as well as found naturally in various animal and plant foods. This review of recent clinical trials was aimed to show the efficacy and safety of carnitine supplements available in medicine form or food sources. The clinical outcome of various studies included for analysis indicated that when L-carnitine tablets (0.5 g-2 g) were given to intervention group patients of various diseases, for about 2-6 months duration, helped in a significant reduction of liver enzymes, blood sugar and bodyweight compared to controls. Furthermore, a few randomized clinical trials in which carnitine-rich low-fat animal foods on the Mediterranean diet were given in their recommended doses to patients, provided therapeutic benefits. The beneficial effects of lysine and methioninerich foods through the Green Mediterranean diet on vegetarians for endogenous carnitine synthesis have been reported. Large-scale clinical trials, including natural foods that would be cost-effective, long-term and safe for vegetarians, are warranted

A Review on the effect of fruit juice on Cardiovascular Disease

The United States continues to experience a high rate of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this review, the complex link between drinking fruit juice and cardiovascular health is examined. Fruit juices may include important vitamins, antioxidants, and possibly heart-healthy substances, but excessive consumption, particularly of those with a lot of added sugars, may be harmful to cardiovascular health. The research highlights the value of selecting pure, barely processed fruit juices with little to no added sugar. Fruit juices contain antioxidants including vitamin C and polyphenols that help prevent oxidative stress and atherosclerosis, which adds to their beneficial health effects. The article stresses the importance of fruit juice kind and quality, with freshly squeezed and lightly processed juices being preferred. Fruit juices can be included in a heart-healthy diet, but the research advises against consuming them in excess due to their high level of sugar, which might increase CVD risk and cause weight gain. In conclusion, the basis of maintaining cardiovascular health is a balanced diet high in fresh vegetables and fruits, particularly fruit juices consumed sparingly. To fully comprehend the long-term impact of fruit juice ingestion on the cardiovascular system in different dietary circumstances and individual profiles, more research is required

Formulation Of A Nutritious Cake By Using Chia Seed Flour Along With Oat Milk And Coconut Sugar

 Cake is a soft and fluffy food product that is a very tasty and delicious food for not only children but also for all age groups. Generally, the cake contains a high amount of sugar and carbohydrates. To make a healthy and nutritious cake for all, some ingredients can be modified to produce a newly developed cake. Chia seed flour can be used which is enriched with high fiber can improve cardiovascular health, promotes intestinal health, and reduces cholesterol levels. Another ingredient is coconut sugar a plant-based natural sweetener that can be used as a substitute for table sugar and is also a rich source of some minerals and would help to prevent blood sugar levels and to reduce depression and anxiety. In this study, cake prepared with chia seed four, coconut sugar, and oats milk has good nutritive value and good sensory acceptance

A Review on The Effect of The Ketogenic Diet on Health

A ketogenic diet refers to a diet that produces ketones. A ketogenic diet mimics fasting metabolism without drastically reducing calories. In a Ketogenic diet, blood lipid metabolism is a major concern. In addition to inhibiting glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis, ketone bodies activate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. As a result, KBs decrease glycolytic ATP production and promote mitochondrial oxidative metabolism, benefiting downstream metabolic pathways. Despite preserving strength, muscle mass, and resting metabolic rate, the very-low-calorie ketogenic diet reduces body weight, fat mass, and visceral fat. Ketogenic diets can cause hypertriglyceridemia, hyperuricemia, hypercholesterolemia, hypomagnesemia, and hyponatremia if consumed for an extended period of time. KD variants have been found to increase adherence, but further modifications must be made to enhance efficacy, and tolerability, and minimalize adverse effects, depending on the disease

NUTRITIONAL AND HEALTH STATUS OF TRIBAL PEOPLE: A REVIEW

Tribals have no fixed source of income and very little daily income. They are not regularly employed. They are not properly compensated. According to numerous studies, their economic and educational condition was insufficient. The majority of them were dependent on alcohol or tobacco and lived in mud-built homes. Several factors contribute to the poor nutritional condition of elderly people, including insufficient dietary iron, inadequate iron absorption, protein and micronutrient deficiencies, and infections. In a recent study, it was found that tribal people live an unfavorable lifestyle and are susceptible to respiratory, cutaneous, and other types of injuries. Low iron absorption, protein and micronutrient deficiencies, and infections lead to the poor nutritional status of the tribal people. In addition, tribal people are vulnerable to injuries, skin and respiratory problems, filarial diseases, and other illnesses due to their unfavorable lifestyles. According to the literature, various interventions, including nutrition and health promotion activities, are necessary to improve the occupational lifestyle of tribal people