Space and exclusion: does urban morphology play a part in social deprivation?

There is currently a growing interest in the spatial causes of poverty, particularly its persistence. This paper presents methodological innovations that have been developed for investigating the relationship between physical segregation and economic marginalization in the urban environment. Using GIS to layer historical poverty data, contemporary deprivation indexes and space syntax measures of spatial segregation, a multivariate system has been created to enable the understanding of the spatial process involved in the creation and stagnation of poverty areas as well as to analyse the street segment scale of configuration

Causality Relations between Growth and Export in Turkey

The aim of this paper is to investigate the relations between export and growth for Turkey by using 1987-2006 monthly data. In other words, export-led growth hypothesis is being tested for the period of eighties and nineties. Industrial production index is used for the proxy of gross domestic product since we use monthly data. For the variables of export, import, terms of trade and industrial production index, first of all ADF unit root tests are carried out. All of the variables are found to be same degree integrated. Thus, long run relations among the variables are examined in the framework of Johansen co-integration analysis. Provided with the long run relation, vector error correction model (VECM) is estimated. Granger causality tests based on VECM and modified Wald tests (MWALD) defined by Toda Yamamoto (1995) are carried out to determine the directions of the relations among the variables. According to the test results, export-led growth is verified for the specified period.Export-led growth, Johansen co-integration, Granger causality, modified Wald test

Neuropeptides as Ligands for GPCRs

Neuropeptides constitute an important part of the nervous system, since the simple nerve nets (i.e. of Hydra). The assigned functions of these peptides vary enormously. For instance, besides inhibiting or stimulating the release of some hormones, they can be responsible for tentacle contraction of the Hydra, dropping the tail of the lizard, postnatal care of the beetles and also aggressiveness of humans. They perform these tasks via activating their cognate GPCRs, which are hypothesized to be coevolved with their ligand neuropeptides. In this chapter, we will introduce the concept of neuropeptide, its intracellular maturation process, characteristics of some typical neuropeptide families and the common properties of their cognate GPCRs. At last, we will try to give information about the widely used methods for studying GPCR-neuropeptide interactions

Cari İşlem Açıklarının Sürdürülebilirliği: 2001-2011 Türkiye Örneği

The aim of this study was re-debated in recent years begun to test whether current account deficits are sustainable. Our study has been tested with monthly data 2001:3-2011:4 period, used by Husted (1992) intertemporal model. According to the Johansen co-integration analysis, in Turkey’s economy between export and import series were found the long-term co-integration relationship. The empirical results indicate that the current account deficits are sustainable in the long run in Turkey

Space and Exclusion: The relationship between physical segregation, economic marginalisation and poverty in the city

There has recently been a growing interest in the spatial causes of poverty, particularly in the processes involved in the formation of poverty areas within cities. Most research has concentrated on the social causes of poverty, crime and social malaise and there is a lack of fundamental research into the relationship between urban morphology and the spatialisation of poverty. This paper aims to address this deficiency. This paper describes research conducted for an EPSRC project called “Space and Exclusion”, which aims to investigate the relationship between physical segregation and economic marginalisation in the city, focusing on 19th century and contemporary London. By using a GIS system to layer historical spatial and poverty data along with contemporary deprivation indexes and space syntax measures of segregation, this paper presents findings on underlying spatial effects which influence the spatial distribution of poverty, investigates these effects on immigrants in particular, and maps the development of “poverty areas” over time. The paper also describes the methods used to model the range of data sources, which included the data derived from the Charles Booth maps of London Poverty 1889 and 1899; using a variety of the latest advances in space syntax methods, such as segment analysis, which is a finer form analysis than the traditional axial map that analyses the line segment between junctions. This means that the axial analysis measures of Radius 3 integration, Radius n integration and so on can be supplemented with measures relating to the spatial integration of the street segment. Moreover, metric distance, least angle distance can be analysed, as well as – what was vital for the project discussed here – analysing the relationship between these spatial measures and social data that varies along a single axial line. The authors’ findings relate to the socio-spatial structure of historical London, and pave the way for a comparative spatial model for examining the distribution of poverty in contemporary urban situations. The paper demonstrates that individuals marginalized socially or economically follow distinctive patterns of settlement and that underlying these patterns were spatial conditions that may have influenced this distribution. For example, space syntax analysis suggests that Booth’s London was not well integrated on a North-South axis, resulting in a split between East-West encounters, which was reflected in an East-West prosperity/poverty divide. It examines some of the more localised poverty areas and the effects that slum clearance had on the surrounding neighbourhoods of the London cityscape. Often, interruptions to the grid structure significantly influenced the spatial configuration of a poverty area, giving rise to conditions of spatial and social segregation. This paper concludes that the urban structure itself can influence the economic conditions for segregation. Poorer classes are often disadvantaged by being marginalized spatially, and the formation of poor areas is the outcome of a complex socio-spatial process, which can be further influenced by the impact of immigrants to an area

Cari İşlem Açıklarının Sürdürülebilirliği: 2001-2011 Türkiye Örneği

The aim of this study was re-debated in recent years begun to test whether current account deficits are sustainable. Our study has been tested with monthly data 2001:3-2011:4 period, used by Husted (1992) intertemporal model. According to the Johansen co-integration analysis, in Turkey’s economy between export and import series were found the long-term co-integration relationship. The empirical results indicate that the current account deficits are sustainable in the long run in Turkey

Interfacial Modification of Hemp Fiber–Reinforced Composites

Natural fiber–reinforced biocomposites are increasingly used in various industries such as automotive, construction, biomedical, and recreation, thanks to their distinctive advantages over traditional glass fiber–reinforced plastics. Natural fiber composites are sustainable, environmentally friendly, low cost, low density, and easy to process as well as have high mechanical properties. The quality of fiber-matrix interface is of critical importance since it determines the load distribution capability of the material. The interface between natural fibers and polymer resins has always been problematic because of the low compatibility between cellulose-based hydrophilic natural fibers and hydrophobic polymer resins, which leads to poor fiber-matrix adhesion and therefore inefficient load distribution between fibers and matrix. To date, several interfacial modification methods have been implemented to address this issue and improve the properties of the resulting composites. This chapter focuses on the interfacial modification of hemp fiber–based composites. First, hemp fiber structure and the nature of fiber-matrix interface were explained. Mechanisms of fiber/matrix adhesion as well as qualitative and quantitative methods for the determination of interface strength were outlined. Finally, the interface modification methods for hemp fiber–reinforced biocomposites were presented in the light of scientific literature

Interaction of Seedling-Pathogens with Physiological Seed Quality Affecting Soybean Emergence and Seedling Growth

Seed vigor is a complex trait which refers the quick and uniform germination of seeds in the field. It can be highly affected by the genetic background of the seed, the environment where the seeds are grown, and storage conditions (Yang, X. B. 1999). Besides, seeds affected by quality parameters may respond differently to seedling pathogens in the soil%253B these responses are likely to differ according to environmental conditions. The main objective of the study was to evaluate the relationship between soybean quality and the effects of specific soil-borne pathogens on soybean emergence and seedling growth, with a specific focus on phenotyping early-stage roots. Seed lots with different levels of seed quality, represents a range of seed vigor with the same genetic background, were created by accelerated-aging (aa) treatments. The effect of aa on seed performance was tested in growth chambers with and without infested soil at 20 deg%253BC and 25 deg%253BC. A remarkable emergence reduction (65-55%25) was observed in the aged-seed. Synergistic effects between seed aging and Rhizoctonia solani infestation was observed on root biomass (root dry weight) and the numbers of root tips, forks, and crossings (plt%253B0.05). Besides, some parameters such as plant length and fresh weight, fresh root weight, root length, volume, and surface area were significantly affected by both seed quality and fungal inoculum. The results obtained from the study is expected to contribute on determining the impact of environmental conditions and stress factors on the epidemiology of soilborne pathogens. On the other hand, we expect that the results will shed light on developing new strategies for effective disease management

Postmenopausal Tuberculosis Endometritis

Tuberculosis remains a global health problem, primarily in developing countries with inadequate health services. A significant portion of tuberculosis in these settings is extrapulmonary, including tuberculosis of the genitourinary tract. Patients with genital tuberculosis are usually young women detected during work up for infertility. After menopause, tuberculosis of the endometrium is a rare possibility probably because of the decreased vascularity of the tissues. We present a case of endometrial tuberculosis with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding