Polyakov--Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model in finite volumes

We discuss the 2+1 flavor Polyakov loop enhanced Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model in a finite volume. The main objective is to check the volume scaling of thermodynamic observables for various temperatures and chemical potentials. We observe the possible violation of the scaling with system size in a considerable window along the whole transition region in the $T-\mu_q$ plane

Finite temperature properties of a modified Polyakov−-Nambu−-Jona-Lasinio model

Thermodynamic properties of strongly interacting matter are investigated using the Polyakov loop enhanced Nambu$-$Jona-Lasinio model along with some modifications to include the hadrons. Various observables are shown to have a close agreement with the numerical data of QCD on lattice. The advantage of the present scheme over a similar study using a switching function is that here no extra parameters are to be fitted. As a result the present scheme can be easily extended for finite chemical potentials.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figure

Fault-Tolerant Metric Dimension of Circulant Graphs

Let G be a connected graph with vertex set V(G) and d(u, v) be the distance between the vertices u and v. A set of vertices S=s1, s2, …, sk⊂V(G) is called a resolving set for G if, for any two distinct vertices u, v∈V(G), there is a vertex si∈S such that d(u, si)≠d(v, si). A resolving set S for G is fault-tolerant if S∖x is also a resolving set, for each x in S, and the fault-tolerant metric dimension of G, denoted by β′(G), is the minimum cardinality of such a set. The paper of Basak et al. on fault-tolerant metric dimension of circulant graphs Cn(1, 2, 3) has determined the exact value of β′(Cn(1, 2, 3)). In this article, we extend the results of Basak et al. to the graph Cn(1, 2, 3, 4) and obtain the exact value of β′(Cn(1, 2, 3, 4)) for all n≥22

The direct and indirect impact of SARS-CoV-2 infections on neonates: a series of 26 cases in Bangladesh

Background: The impact of SARS-CoV-2 on neonates remains largely unknown in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We provide an epidemiologic and clinical report of SARS-CoV-2 infections in neonates hospitalized in Bangladesh. Methods: Outborn neonates admitted to Dhaka Shishu Hospital, a tertiary-care referral hospital, between 29 March and 1 July were screened for SARS-CoV-2. We reviewed clinical data, including chest radiograph and laboratory reports, and conducted SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing. Patients were followed-up for 27–75 days. A subset of caregivers was also tested. Results: Of 83 neonates tested, 26 were positive (median age 8 days). Most neonates were admitted with diagnosis unrelated to SARS-CoV-2: 11 presented with serious non-communicable diseases, 7 with early-onset sepsis, 5 with late-onset sepsis and 2 with pneumonia. In 3 of 5 chest radiograph, infiltrates and ground-glass or patchy opacities were noted. Two neonates developed metabolic acidosis, one developed disseminated intravascular coagulation. Most SARS-CoV-2 positive neonates were referred to government-designated COVID-19 hospitals, leading to gaps in treatment. Twenty-three neonates could be followed-up: 12 were healthy, 8 died and 3 were still seeking medical care. Of 9 caregivers tested, 8 were positive. Conclusions: SARS-CoV-2 may have serious adverse effects on children born in LMICs. The virus likely contributed directly to two deaths, but the remaining 6 neonates who died had serious comorbidities. Positive SARS-CoV-2 test results led to gaps in immediate clinical care for other morbidities, which likely contributed to adverse outcomes. This case series emphasizes the need to understand COVID-19 in neonates in LMICs and its indirect impacts

A Model Study on the Effects of n-Mesons on Thermodynamics of Strongly Interacting Systems

Properties of strongly interacting matter are quite well-described by the Polyakov loop enhanced Nambu-Jona—Lasinio (PNJL) model as it incorporates two important symmetries. However, discrepancies in low temperature domain remain unless hadronic effects are entwined. Here we have tried to observe the effect of lowest lying hadrons i.e. ?-mesons (pions) considering their medium-dependent masses for zero chemical potential. The thermodynamic quantities now show satisfactory matches with existing lattice QCD and HRG results over the finite temperature window of interest

On inverse symmetric division deg index of graphs

One of the 148 discrete Adria indices is the symmetric division deg (SDD) index. It was developed about 13 years ago. Motivated by the success of the symmetric division deg index, Ghorbani et al. recently proposed an inverse version of this index, which they called the ISDD index (Inverse symmetric division deg index). The inverse symmetric division deg index (ISDD) of a graph Γ is defined as follows