Effects of different concentrations of copper alone and a copper plus cadmium mixture on the accumulation of copper in the gill, liver, kidney and muscle tissues of Oreochromis niloticus (L.)

WOS: 000186594500005Experiments were conducted in two series for 1, 7, 15 and 30 days. In the first series, fish were exposed to 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 ppm of copper and in the second series to 0.1 + 0.05, 0.5 + 0.1, 1.0 + 0.5 and 5.0 + 1.0 ppm of copper and cadmium mixtures. No mortalities were observed during the experimental period. Accumulation of copper in the tissues and organs increased with increasing concentrations of copper and with longer exposure periods. Copper accumulation associated with copper + cadmium mixtures in the gill, liver, kidney and muscle tissues varied with the concentration, exposure period and tissue type

Effects of different concentrations of copper alone and a copper + cadmium mixture on the accumulation of copper in the gill, liver, kidney and muscle tissues of Oreochromis niloticus (L.) [Farkli ortam derişimlerinin etkisinde bakir ve bakir + kadmiyum karişiminin tatlisu çipurasi'nin (Oreochromis niloticus, L.) Solungaç, karaciger, böbrek ve kas dokularindaki bakir birikimi üzerine etkileri]

Experiments were conducted in two series for 1, 7, 15 and 30 days. In the first series, fish were exposed to 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 5.0 ppm of copper and in the second series to 0.1 + 0.05, 0.5 + 0.1, 1.0 + 0.5 and 5.0 + 1.0 ppm of copper and cadmium mixtures. No mortalities were observed during the experimental period. Accumulation of copper in the tissues and organs increased with increasing concentrations of copper and with longer exposure periods. Copper accumulation associated with copper + cadmium mixtures in the gill, liver, kidney and muscle tissues varied with the concentration, exposure period and tissue type

The effects of salinity and added substrates on growth and survival of Metapenaeus monoceros (Decapoda: Penaeidae) post-larvae

This study was carried out to determine the optimal culture salinity and to investigate the effects of added substrate on growth and survival of Metapenaeus monoceros during its nursery culture in two separate experiments. In Experiment 1, at the end of a 50-day culture period, post-larvae (PLs) reared at 5, 10, 20, 30, 35, 40 and 50 ppt displayed 8, 11, 48, 49, 52, 59 and 36% survivals, respectively. Daily growth rates at salinities above 30 ppt (0.266-0.320 mm day-1) were about 5-fold higher than those obtained at salinities below 10 ppt (0.035-0.056 mm day-1) (P < 0.05). Total lengths (TL) at 30, 35, 40 and 50 ppt were 19.09, 18.97, 19.09 and 18.89 mm, respectively (P > 0.05). Mean wet weights acquired at 30-40 ppt (63-71 mg) were 7-8 times higher than those at 5 and 10 ppt (8.12-9 mg) (P < 0.05). A rise in salinity resulted in a drastic increase in biomass (over 50-fold) from 0.018 g at 5 ppt to 0.927 g at 40 ppt. Hence, optimum salinity for the nursery culture of M. monoceros PLs appeared to be between 30 and 40 ppt at 28°C. In experiment 2, Group A received no additional substrate while the other two groups had added substrates consisting of wooden frame with vertical (Group B) or horizontal (Group C) plastic mesh. Additional substrate increased habitable surface area approximately 330%. Percentage survivals in Group A, B and C were 71, 70 and 63%, respectively. TL was significantly lower in Group C (15.65 mm) than in either Group A (17.71 mm) or Group B (17.23 mm) (P < 0.05). The PLs in Group A attained a significantly greater mean final weight (62 mg) than those (40-55.14 mg) in both treatments containing artificial substrates. The PLs in Group B and C had 12% and 40% lower biomass than that in Group A. The current results demonstrated that the use of either vertically and horizontally placed substrates do not provide any advantage during the nursery culture of M. monoceros. © 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.SUF 99.4We thank Dr. O. Isik for her support during the culture of micro-algae. This study was financed by the Research Fund (SUF 99.4) of the University of Çukurova, Turkey

The effects of salinity and added substrates on growth and survival of Metapenaeus monoceros (Decapoda : Penaeidae) post-larvae

WOS: 000167841600014This study was carried out to determine the optimal culture salinity and to investigate the effects of added substrate on growth and survival of Metapenaeus monoceros during its nursery culture in two separate experiments. In Experiment I, at the end of a 50-day culture period, post-larvae (PLs) reared at 5, 10, 20, 30, 35, 40 and 50 ppt displayed 8, 11, 48, 49, 52, 59 and 36% survivals, respectively. Daily growth rates at salinities above 30 ppt (0.266-0.320 mm day(-1)) were about 5-fold higher than those obtained at salinities below 10 ppt (0.035-0.056 mm day(-1)) (P 0.05). Mean wet weights acquired at 30-40 ppt (63-71 mg) were 7-8 times higher than those at 5 and 10 ppt (8.12-9 mg) (P < 0.05). A rise in salinity resulted in a drastic increase in biomass lover 50-fold) from 0.018 g at 5 ppt to 0.927 g at 40 ppt, Hence, optimum salinity for the nursery culture of M. monoceros PLs appeared to be between 30 and 40 ppt at 28 degreesC. In experiment 2, Group A received no additional substrate while the other two groups had added substrates consisting of wooden frame with vertical (Group B) or horizontal (Group C) plastic mesh. Additional substrate increased habitable surface area approximately 330%. Percentage survivals in Group A, B and C were 71, 70 and 63%, respectively. TL was significantly lower in Group C (15.65 mm) than in either Group A (17.71 mm) or Group B (17.23 mm) (P < 0.05). The PLs in Group A attained a significantly greater mean final weight (62 mg) than those (40-55.14 mg) in both treatments containing artificial substrates. The PLs in Group B and C had 12% and 40% lower biomass than that in Group A. The current results demonstrated that the use of either vertically and horizontally placed substrates do not provide any advantage during the nursery culture of M. monoceros. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Larval growth, survival and development of Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius) cultured in different salinities

Larvae of Metapenaeus monoceros (Fabricius) at protozoea 1 (PZ1) stage were stocked in 2-L glass flasks to investigate the effects of various salinities (25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50 and 55 ppt) on growth and survival until the post-larval (PL) stages. The PZ larvae were not able to tolerate a sudden salinity drop of over 10 ppt. Yet, an abrupt salinity increase of over 10 or even 15 ppt did not cause mortality. The PZ larvae were successfully acclimated to different test salinities at a rate of 4 ppt h-1. The larvae displayed better tolerance to high rather than low salinities. The lowest and highest critical salinities appeared to be 22 and 55 ppt respectively. Taking into account survival, growth and development results, the optimal salinity for the larval culture of M. monoceros inhabiting the Eastern Mediterranean was 40 ppt. At this salinity, the PZ1 larvae were successfully cultured until PL1 stage within 11 days with 68% survival on a feeding regime of Tetraselmis chuii Kylin (Butcher) (20 cells µL-1), Chaetoceros calcitrans Paulsen (50 cells µL-1), Isochrysis galbana Parke (30 cells µL-1) and five newly hatched Artemia nauplii mL-1 from M1 onwards at 28°C