Clinical comparison between the bleaching efficacy of light-emitting diode and diode laser with sodium perborate

The aim of this clinical study was to test the efficacy of a light-emitting diode (LED) light and a diode laser, when bleaching with sodium perborate. Thirty volunteers were selected to participate in the study. The patients were randomly divided into two groups. The initial colour of each tooth to be bleached was quantified with a spectrophotometer. In group A, sodium perborate and distilled water were mixed and placed into the pulp chamber, and the LED light was source applied. In group B, the same mixture was used, and the 810nm diode laser was applied. The final colour of each tooth was quantified with the same spectrophotometer. Initial and final spectrophotometer values were recorded. Mann-Whitney U-test and Wicoxon tests were used to test differences between both groups. Both devices successfully whitened the teeth. No statistical difference was found between the efficacy of the LED light and the diode laser. © 2013 Australian Society of Endodontology

Periapical health related to the quality of coronal restorations and root fillings in Turkish population

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the quality of root canal treatments and coronal restorations investigating their influence on the periapical status of endodontically-treated teeth in a Turkish population based on radiographic examination. Materials and Methods: The study included 583 patients referred for routine dental care. A total of 1125 endodontically treated teeth were examined with panoramic radiographs. The quality of root canal fillings and coronal restorations were evaluated according to the criteria determined by Gündüz et al., which were slightly modified from those described by De Moor et al. Apical status was assessed by the Periapical Index (PAI) scores. Results: Out of 1125 endodontically treated teeth, 539 were classified as healthy and 586 as displaying apical periodontitis. Of these 539 subjects, 389 teeth had received quality endodontic treatment. Of 586 teeth with apical periodontitis, 500 had poor endodontic treatment. Four hundred and seventy-five teeth had adequate root canal fillings. Of these teeth, 389 were classified as healthy. Of the 666 teeth with adequate restoration, apical region was classified as healthy for 410 subjects. For the 388 teeth with both adequate coronal restorations and root canal fillings, the success rate was 85.3%. For the 372 teeth with both inadequate coronal restorations and root canal fillings, the success rate was 18.8%. Conclusions: The quality of root fillings in the population living in the back country of Turkey is in general below the acceptable standard and requires substantial improvement

Effects of irrigation solutions on the surface of protaper instruments: A microscopy study

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine digluconate (CHX), and mixture of tetracycline, citric acid, and detergent (MTAD) solutions on the surfaces of nickel titanium (NiTi) rotary files with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Irrigation solutions including 2.5% NaOCl, 5% NaOCl, 2% CHX, and MTAD were used. Four new ProTaper rotary NiTi files (F3) were immersed in each four irrigation solutions for 10 min, separately. One untreated NiTi file was used as a control specimen. The surface analysis was performed with SEM and AFM. The surface analysis in AFM was performed on 12 different regions located between first and second millimeters from the tip. SEM images were taken with different magnifications. No surface alteration was recorded under SEM evaluation. AFM revealed that the root mean square (RMS) values of all treated specimens were statistically higher than the control sample (P < 0.05). The sample which was treated with CHX showed lowest RMS values in test groups. All tested solutions caused surface alterations. CHX demonstrated limited surface alterations when compared to the other tested solutions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc

Comparison of calcium hydroxide removal by self-adjusting file, EndoVac, and CanalBrush agitation techniques: An in vitro study

Objectives: This study comparatively evaluated the efficacy of self-adjusting file (SAF), Endovac, and CanalBrush irrigant agitation protocols in removing calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2 ) from the root canals. Materials and Methods: Sixty extracted human mandibular canine teeth were instrumented with ProTaper rotary instruments to size #40 and dressed with Ca(OH)2. The roots were randomly assigned to four groups according to irrigant agitation protocol used (n = 15). In Group 1: Conventional syringe irrigation (no activation, control); Group 2: Rotary brush agitation (CanalBrush); Group 3: Apical negative pressure irrigation (EndoVac system); and Group 4: Sonic agitation (SAF) were used. Scanning electron microscopic (SEM) evaluation was done for assessment of Ca(OH)2 removal in the coronal and apical thirds. Statistical analysis was performed by Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Results: There were statistically significant differences among the groups (P = 0.218). A statistically significant difference was seen between the test groups in Ca(OH)2 removal from the apical third of the canal (P &lt; 0.05). In the coronal third, there was no difference between the groups (P &gt; 0.05). The most efficient Ca(OH)2 removal in apical third was recorded in Group 3 (EndoVac) and Group 4 (SAF) (P &lt; 0.05). In Group 4 (sonic agitation), there was no significantly difference between Ca(OH)2 removal in coronal and apical thirds. Conclusions: SAF and EndoVac showed significantly better performance than CanalBrush and conventional syringe irrigation in removing Ca(OH)2 from apical third of the root canals

Effect of glide path preparation on apical debris extrusion of rotary and reciprocating single-file systems: OneShape versus WaveOne

Objectives: To assess the effect of glide path on the amount of apically extruded debris after instrumentation with WaveOne and OneShape. Materials & Methods: Forty-eight extracted human mandibular incisors were assigned to 4 groups. In groups 1 and 2, preparation was completed with WaveOne, in groups 3 and 4 canals were prepared with OneShape. Before instrumentation, in groups 1 and 3, glide path was created with PathFile 1, 2, and 3 at working length, whereas in groups 2 and 4, glide path was not performed. The weight of the extruded debris for each group was calculated by comparing the pre- and post-instrumentation weights of the eppendorf tubes. The time required for reaching full WL was also recorded. Data were analysed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: There was no difference in the amount of debris extruded between the single file systems (P=0.234). Time required to reach full WL was significantly decreased by creating a glide path (P< 0.05). Conclusions: Creation of a glide path does not significantly affect the apically extruded debris

Evaluation of the dentinal wall adaptation ability of MTA Fillapex using stereo electron microscope

Background: An ideal root canal obturation requires a complete dentinal wall adaptation of sealer and Gutta-percha combinations without any gap formations. Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the dentinal wall adaptation ability of MTA Fillapex root canal sealer using stereo electron microscope (SEM). Methods: Twenty-four, single-rooted, human maxillary incisor teeth were used. All canals were prepared with a rotary nickel-titanium (Ni-Ti) instrument to a size F3 file. Teeth divided into two equal groups and one of the experimental groups was filled with AH Plus, and the other group was filled with MTA Fillapex using Gutta-percha single cone as a core material. The roots were prepared for SEM evaluation, and serial scanning electron photomicrographs were taken at ×50, ×100, ×500, and ×1000 magnifications. The gaps between the root canal sealer and canal walls were detected and measured in coronal, middle, and apical thirds. For each section, the highest value among the detected gap formations was recorded. Statistical Analysis: Mann-Whitney U-test, Freidman, and Wilcoxon tests were used. Results: The statistical analysis showed no significant difference between two sealers in terms of gap formation (P > 0.05). Conclusions: MTA Fillapex has a similar dentinal wall adaptation ability as AH Plus does. © 2016 Journal of Conservative Dentistry | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow

Evaluation of antimicrobial and thermal effects of diode laser on root canal dentin

Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effects of diode laser and temperature rise on the root surface during application. Materials and Methods: Thirty-six teeth were chemomechanically prepared and irrigated with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, and then autoclaved and incubated with a suspension of Enterococcus faecalis. The specimens were randomly divided into three groups (n = 12): Group 1, irradiated by diode laser at 1.2 W; Group 2, irradiated by diode laser at 2 W; and Group 3, irradiated by diode laser at 3 W. The grown bacteria were counted and the mean numbers of the each test tube were determined. The temperature was measured on the external apical third of the root during laser application. The mean values of results for each group were compared using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey test. Results: No significant difference was obtained among the test groups in terms of the colony counts (P > 0.05). According to the temperature changes, there was a significant difference between groups (P < 0.05). Temperature rises were 16.79°C, 10.20°C, and 6.25°C in Group 3, Group 2, and Group 1, respectively. Conclusion: Diode laser irradiation with 1.2 W demonstrated comparable performance with 2 W and 3 W power sets for elimination of E. faecalis from root canal with less temperature rise. © 2018 Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow

Apical extrusion of debris using self-adjusting file, reciprocating single-file, and 2 rotary instrumentation systems

Introduction The purpose of this study was to evaluate the weight of debris extruded apically from teeth using different in vitro preparation techniques. Methods Sixty-eight extracted human mandibular premolars with single canals and similar lengths were instrumented using ProTaper F2 (25,.08; Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland), the Self-Adjusting File (1.5-mm diameter; Re-Dent Nova, Ra'anana, Israel), Revo-S SU (25,.06; MicroMega, Besancon, France), or Reciproc (R25; VDW GmbH, Munich Germany). Debris extruded during instrumentation were collected into preweighed Eppendorf tubes. The Eppendorf tubes were then stored in an incubator at 70 C for 5 days. The Eppendorf tubes were weighed to obtain the final weight of the Eppendorf tubes when the extruded debris were included. Three consecutive weights were obtained for each tube. Results There were no statistically significant differences among the groups (P =.218). The ProTaper group produced the highest mean extrusion value. The Reciproc produced less debris compared with all the other instruments (P >.05). Conclusions All instrumentation techniques were associated with extruded debris. © 2013 American Association of Endodontists