Differential effects of scopolamine and chlorpromazine on REM and NREM sleep in normal male subiects

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/117236/1/cpt1969104522.pd

Comparison of conventional nighttime with automatic or manual daytime CPAP titration in unselected sleep apnea patients: study of the usefulness of daytime titration studies

AbstractDaytime CPAP titration studies with full polysomnography have been successfully performed in patients with severe sleep apnea–hypopnea syndrome (SAHS). The implementation of daytime studies in unselected SAHS patients could help to reduce the waiting lists for CPAP titrations. The main purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of conventional versus manual or automatic daytime CPAP titration in unselected patients with SAHS.Ninety-three consecutive patients with SAHS in whom CPAP was indicated were assigned to conventional titration or to manual or automatic (AutoSet) daytime CPAP titration, after sleep deprivation. The number of valid studies, sleep architecture, final pressure selected and mean pressure in the different sleep stages were compared. Changes in sleepiness (Epworth sleepiness score) and hours of CPAP use were assessed after 3 months of treatment.Four patients did not sleep (3 AutoSet, 1 conventional daytime groups). Sleep latency was shorter during automatic daytime titration whereas REM latency was shorter in daytime studies; the percentage of sleep stages was similar during all types of titration. CPAP requirements were significantly higher during REM sleep in conventional and manual daytime titrations while mean pressure was unchanged throughout sleep stages during AutoSet titration. CPAP pressure selected with conventional or daytime manual titration (7.5(2.2)cm H2O and 7.4(1.5)cm H2O, ns) were significantly lower (P<0.001) than with AutoSet (9.4(1.6)cm H2O. All groups showed similar decrease of sleepiness and hours of use of CPAP at 3 months of follow-up.Automatic and manual daytime PSG studies after sleep deprivation are useful for CPAP titration in unselected patients with SAHS. Pressure selected with AutoSet is significantly higher than with conventional daytime or nighttime titration, although not significant in terms of treatment compliance and symptom improvement

Effects of stress and REM sleep deprivation on the patterns of avoidance learning and brain acetylcholine in the mouse

Pure bred DBA/2J mice were subjected to varying degrees of stress and “water tank” REM sleep deprivation using one-animal cages, large platforms and/or poles. Subsequently, the animals were studied for acquisition, short-term and long-term retention using a conditioned avoidance procedure in a Warner type automated shuttle box. In addition, various groups of animals subjected to the same stressful procedures were sacrificed and brain acetylcholine (ACh) was measured by the frog rectus abdominus muscle bioassay. It was found that stress and REM sleep deprivation had no significant effect on acquisition and short-term retention but did impair long term retention of conditioned behavior. Moderate environmental stress also produced significant behavioral changes. Total brain ACh, under these environmental conditions, showed no significant changes from normal.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/46385/1/213_2004_Article_BF00429278.pd