Static and dynamic models in economics

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. In this article, the authors consider the impact of information and advertising on consumer behavior and the process of producing differentiation formation. Advertising, television, radio, magazines and direct mail as major constraints of mass media may act as sources of information. Economic modernization is aimed at development of acceleration of the knowledge intensive industries, which contribute to Russia's position in terms of the world economy; the recovering process of the Russian economic manufacturing base; development of import substitution industries and limited participation in international labor specialization

Optical Spectroscopy of Octahedral Impurity Yb3+ Ions in a CsCaF3 Crystal

Optical spectra of a CsCaF3 crystal doped with Yb3+ ions are experimentally separated into groups of lines corresponding to different impurity centers formed by the Yb3+ ions introduced to sites with the hexagonal and dodecahedral environment of ligands. In the spectra of octahedral centers, the lines related to the cubic and trigonal centers are identified. The empirical energy level diagrams are constructed for impurity centers of both types, from which parameters of the relevant crystal fields are found

Application of a synchronous integrator in phase fluorometry

It is demonstrated, that a luminescence spectrometer, in which signal detection is performed on the principle of synchronous integration, can be used as a phase fluorometer. For enhancing the accuracy, luminescence lifetime is measured by the zero method: the temporal shift of the synchrointegrator's reference signal is measured relative to the excitation wherein the output signal equals to zero. Besides lifetime measurement, the phase zero procedure, unlike the stroboscopic ones, allows to resolve not only phosphorescence spectra, but fluorescence ones as well

The conjugated qualitative and quantitative approximation of water, salt, sulfur, asphaltene and mechanical ingredients of oil-containing systems interrelation

A wide variety of production technologies and the variability of the properties of oil-containing systemscause need for their preliminary preparation. In preparing the oils in the near future it is appropriate to give preference to a combination of new technologies with chemicals, which do not require major changes to the equipment and infrastructure of the oil production fields. A systematic approach involves simultaneous consideration of the studied object as a whole, and its constituent parts individually using the principle of differentiation and integration of the phenomena. For oil-containing systems those are the functions of interphase and intraphase of physical, physicochemical and chemical interactions: the structural and group composition, natural and forced association and dissociation of these factors, as well as the resulting viscosity, interphase tension, heat capacity, density and temperatures of phase polymorphic transformation. Initial oil is significantly different from the oil extracted in the development and exploitation of the deposit. The differences are due to injection into the oil-bearing layers a substantial quantity of water having various physicochemical and microbiological properties. As a result, the oxidative processes in the residual oil are characterized by increasing the share of polycyclic fragments and oxidative groups. From this follow differences in the quality and structure of reserved and solvation shells. To optimize the process of preparing it is appropriate to apply physical and mathematical modeling. It is suggested to usethe characteristic wave equation asthe basic modeling equation

An attachment for an optical spectrometer for measuring the concentration profile and coefficient of impurity distribution in a crystal

An attachment for an optical spectrometer is described enabling automated measurements of the impurity distribution in a crystal. For analysis of the Nd3+ ion distribution over a LiYF4 crystal, it is shown that the attachment provides a high resolution when obtaining data on the optical quality of a crystal and the impurity concentration profile and reliably determines the impurity distribution coefficient. © 1997 MAEe cyrillic signK Hayκa/Interperiodica Publishing

Optical spectra of octahedral cubic and trigonal Yb3+ impurity centers in KMgF3 and KZnF3 crystals

Groups of lines corresponding to octahedral cubic and trigonal impurity centers have been isolated in complex many-center luminescence and excitation spectra of Yb3+-doped KMgF3 and KZnF3 crystals. The crystal-field potentials derived from the spectra are in good agreement with those of similar centers in CsCaF3:Yb3+ crystal studied earlier. © 1998 American Institute of Physics

Experience in the control of nematodirosis of calves on the Ivanovo Region farms and the economic justification of anthelmintics

The purpose of the research is to evaluate the anthelmintic efficacy against gastrointestinal Strongylata infections of cattle and to give an economic justification for their use in Yaroslavl calves.Materials and methods. The studies were performed on the Ivanovo Region farms in 2018–2020. To determine the helminth infection in cattle, 604 animals undergone a coprological survey. The faeces were examined by the Fülleborn and Berman- Orlov methods. To determine the therapeutic efficacy of anthelmintics, 4 groups of animals spontaneously infected with Nematodirus sp. were formed. The first group of calves was dewormed with a drug containing 20% albendazole. The second group of animals received a drug containing eprinomectin, and the third, a combined anthelmintic containing praziquantel and ivermectin. The fourth group of calves was dewormed with an ivermectin containing drug. Results and discussion. On the Ivanovo Region farms, nematodirosis was recorded in the calves aged 6–12 months; the infection prevalence was 75.3% with an average intensity of 31.04±0.77 egg specimens in 1 g of faeces. The diets for calves on all of the farms were approximately the same; the average daily weight gain of the calves was 251.10±0.54 g. Drugs with the active substance of 20 % albendazole, eprinomectin, praziquantel + ivermectin, and ivermectin showed 100% extenseeffectiveness and intense-effectiveness. The release of the calves from Nematodirus spp. allowed to increase the average daily gain in the body weight of the Yaroslavl calves to 650±0.40 g. The applied anthelmintics showed an economic efficacy of RUB 12.7-13.1 for RUB 1 of costs

EPR and optical spectroscopy of Yb3+ ions in single crystal CsCaF3

CsCaF3 crystals doped with Yb3+ were studied using EPR and optical spectroscopy methods. Several types of paramagnetic centers of Yb3+ were found including a paramagnetic center in an uncommon 12-coordinated position. The schemes of the energy levels of the observed centers are determined and the potentials of the respective crystalline fields are calculated. © Springer-Verlag 1996

Need for the Development of Dialectical Thinking in Pharmaceutical Personnel to Improve Their Performance in the Pharmacovigilance System

The pharmacovigilance system aimed at ensuring the safety of medicines has been functioning in Russia since 1997. However, at the moment, an important part of this system, pharmacy organisations, is not sufficiently involved in pharmacovigilance activities. Pharmacy personnel may be not prepared to collect information on adverse reactions associated with the use of medicinal products and submit it to regulatory authorities. The reason is not only that their knowledge of pharmacovigilance is insufficient, but also that little attention is paid in the educational process to the development of dialectical thinking, which is necessary for successful problem-solving. The available literature does not cover the importance of dialectical thinking as a professional competency of a pharmacy employee sufficiently well.The aim of the study was to substantiate the need in the development of dialectical thinking in employees of pharmacy organisations in order to increase their participation in the pharmacovigilance system.Materials and methods: 166 employees of pharmacies in Kazan were surveyed on the implementation of pharmacovigilance in pharmacy organisations. The authors used Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient to assess the extent of association between the variables identified in the survey (pharmacy’s standing in the pharmacovigilance system, respondents’ competence in pharmacovigilance, their familiarity with pharmacovigilance documentation, adverse reaction reporting, and so forth).Results: the majority of respondents perceive the importance of pharmacies for the pharmacovigilance system as medium (46.99%) and low (17.47%); the same is true for the level of pharmacovigilance development in pharmacies (45.63 and 27.5% of the respondents respectively). According to the correlation analysis, pharmacy employees do not associate the level of pharmacovigilance development in their pharmacy with their competence, which is characteristic of a dialectical failure. Most respondents tend to exaggerate the role of executive authorities, medical organisations, and pharmaceutical companies in the pharmacovigilance system and underestimate the role of pharmacies and pharmacy staff (only 17.62% of the respondents assign this role to pharmacies), which may be the reason for failing to fulfil pharmacovigilance duties and passing the responsibility to other parties to the circulation of medicinal products.Conclusions: according to the consolidated results, pharmacy employees may not consider themselves to be leading implementers of legislative initiatives, causally related to the effectiveness of pharmacovigilance system as a whole. Consequently, there is a need to form dialectical thinking in pharmacy employees within the framework of educational programmes. It will contribute to the development of reflection on their efforts in ensuring the safety of medicines and increase the effectiveness of their participation in pharmacovigilance activities

РАДИКАЛЬНАЯ ЦИСТЭКТОМИЯ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ НЕМЫШЕЧНО-ИНВАЗИВНОГО РАКА МОЧЕВОГО ПУЗЫРЯ

The paper analyzes the data on 34 patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) who have undergone radical cystectomy (RCE). The patients were divided into 2 groups according to the preoperative period: with delayed and early RCE. Heterotopic and orthotopic reservoirs were the methods of choice for urinary derivation. Five-year overall relapse-free survival was 68.9±12.6%. There were differences in the number of relapses in the delayed and early RCE groups. The timely established indications for RCE make it possible to prevent disease progression and to long maintain a good quality of life in the majority of patients with NMIBC.Приводится анализ данных 34 пациентов с немышечно-инвазивным раком мочевого пузыря (НМИРМП), которым выполнена радикальная цистэктомия (РЦЭ). Больные были разделены на 2 группы в зависимости от дооперационного срока: с отсроченной и с ранней РЦЭ. Методами выбора деривации мочи являлись гетеротопический и ортотопический резервуары. Пятилетняя обобщенная безрецидивная выживаемость составила 68,9 ± 12,6 %. Различий по количеству рецидивов в группах отсроченной и ранней РЦЭ не выявлено. Своевременно установленные показания к РЦЭ позволяют у большинства пациентов с НМИРМП избежать прогрессирования заболевания и длительное время сохранять хорошее качество жизни