The impact of air pollution on the development of asthma in the population of the city of Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan

Analysis of the incidence of asthma in all adult and child population of the city of Kazan showed that the incidence rates in Kazan significantly exceed the national level, and there has been a reliable increase in the incidence of bronchial asthma in Kazan population over the past five years. According to the results of factor analysis of the causes of increasing incidence of asthma, air pollution takes one of the first rank places. We have analyzed the concentration of major pollutants contained in the atmosphere and affecting the incidence of respiratory diseases: suspended solids (total, and fractions PM10 and PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, soot, formaldehyde, and ammonia. We have calculated hazard ratios (HR) for these substances, showing the presence of the risk of morbidity based on the concentration of the pollutant. Concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 in the atmosphere of the city of Kazan significantly exceed the WHO-recommended concentration (3.9 times in 2010 to 2.9 times in 2015 for PM10, and 4.3 times in 2010 to 3.2 times in 2015 for PM2.5). That is, the hazard ratios (HR) ranged from 4.3 to 3.2. Hazard ratios for nitrogen dioxide, soot, and particulate matters significantly exceed unity, i.e., they pose the risk of incidence of the respiratory diseases

Algorithm of calculation of energy consumption on the basis of differential model of the production task performed on machines with computer numeric control (CNC)

© Published under licence by IOP Publishing Ltd. The calculation algorithm, power consumption of all consumers involved in the operation and production tasks developed by the example of workplaces equipped with CNC machines is developed. The algorithm takes into account the actual status, operating modes and switching sequence of all electricity consumers

Energy planning in production shops with numerically controlled machine tools

© 2017, Allerton Press, Inc. A method is proposed for planning the energy expenditures in production buildings with numerically controlled machine tools. The calculations take account of the individual production operations, as well as the actual state of the machine-tool drives

Influence of intravenous ferric carboxymaltose on non-invasive parameters of left ventricular myocardial work in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Aim. To assess non-invasive parameters of left ventricular (LV) myocardial work in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (CHrEF) and iron deficiency (ID) after ferric carboxymaltose (FCM) therapy.Material and methods. There were following inclusion criteria: LV ejection fraction (EF) ≤40%; body >70 kg, receiving best medical therapy (BMT) in recommended doses in accordance with the guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology and the Russian Society of Cardiology. Median age was 67±11,7 years (men, 83%), while median LVEF and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide was 29% and 315 ng/ml, respectively. Patients were randomized by the envelope method. The first group consisted of 19 patients who received therapy with intravenous FCM 1500 mg in 2 injections with an interval of one week between injections in addition to BMT. The control group consisted of 16 patients who received BMT without FCM. All patients underwent a standard echocardiography, and non-invasive LV myocardial work was assessed immediately before inclusion in the study and after 3 months.Results. In the first group of patients receiving FCM therapy, an increase in LVEF (29,1±10,3 vs 35,4±11,1; p=0,001), mitral annular plane systolic excursion (1,2 (1;1,6 ) vs 1,5 (1,3;1,9), p=0,001), LV global longitudinal strain (-7 (-5;-8) vs -8 (-6;-11), p=0,007) and non-invasive indicators of myocardial work (global work index (826±314 vs 1041±354), p=0,0001; global constructive work (1173±388 vs 1435±405), p=0,0001; global work efficiency (85 (82;87) vs 86 (82;88), p=0,017)). There were no significant changes in the studied parameters in the BMT group.Conclusion. Patients with HFrEF and ID treated with FCM showed a significant increase in LV systolic function, including non-invasive myocardial work parameters, compared with the control group

Ecological and faunal characteristics of helminths of wetland birds in North-Western Uzbekistan

The article studies some faunistic features of helminths of wetland birds in the ecological crisis zone in North-Western Uzbekistan. Parasites of wetland birds collected in the basin of the lower reaches of the Amu Darya during the hunting seasons of 2018–2022 were used as material for this work. 500 individuals of birds representing 39 species from 24 genera, 13 families and 9 orders were examined using the parasitological dissection method. The article discusses the distribution and ecology of the helminths in the studied groups of birds. A total of 112 helminth species were identified in the region – 28 species belong to the class Cestoda, the class Trematoda is represented by 57 species, Nematoda – 23 and Acanthocephala – 4 species. 92 species of heminths were identified in the study area for the first time. The work provides original data on the structure of the helminth fauna from 9 orders of wetland birds. Various paths of helminth transmission in the circulation of infection were specified. The researchers identified four ways parasites use to enter their definitive host: helminths penetrate the host’s body when the latter eats other organisms, intermediate or reservoir hosts of helminths, which are part of the definitive’s host’s diet; helminths enter the host as mechanical impurity to food or water; they make active efforts to penetrate their host; helminths are transmitted by the intermediate host when the latter forages on the definitive host. Most of intermediate hosts for representatives of the class Cestoda were crustaceans – inhabitants of different types of water bodies; Oligochaeta are also included here as second or reservoir hosts. The development of trematodes occurs with the participation of aquatic molluscs acting as the first intermediate host. Various species of insects, fish, amphibians, reptiles and small mammals were identified as the second hosts. Nematoda use a wider range of intermediate hosts (Oligochaeta, crustaceans, insects – aquatic and terrestrial). Fish and amphibians were registered as the second and reservoir hosts of nematodes. The food chains of individual orders of wetland birds largely determine the composition of helminths parasitising them and are the main factor in the formation of their helminth fauna. These processes undoubtedly occur in time and space under the strict control of environmental factors

Delaminating Intramyocardial Hematoma in Patients with Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction: а Series of Clinical Cases

Delaminating intramyocardial hematoma (DIMH) is a rare and potentially life-threatening complication of acute myocardial infarction. Currently, only isolated reports of cases of myocardial dissection have been published, and until recently, the diagnosis of DIMH was carried out during autopsy or surgery. The article describes echocardiographic criteria and discusses some aspects of the therapy of this pathology. The description of clinical cases of noninvasive diagnosis of DIMH in men aged 60 and 62 years hospitalized with the clinic of decompensation of chronic heart failure is given. This complication in the presented patients was diagnosed using transthoracic echocardiography, thanks to which it was possible to identify the dissection of the myocardium, as well as to trace the dynamics of the organization of an intramyocardial hematoma into a parietal thrombus. Various approaches to patient management are demonstrated: conservative tactics allowed to successfully stabilize the course of chronic heart failure in the first patient, while the condition of the other required the transplantation of a donor heart a few months after discharge from the hospital

Dependence of Structure and Properties of Al0,3CoCrFeNi on Heat Treatment Parameters

В работе изучена термическая стабильность высокоэнтропийного сплава (ВЭС) Al0,3CoCrFeNi после холодной пластической деформации. Результаты этого исследования позволяют судить о стабильности фаз в деформированных ВЭС в зависимости от температуры.In this work, the thermal stability of the high-entropy alloy (HEA) Al0,3CoCrFeNi after cold plastic deformation has been studied. The results of this study make it possible to judge the stability in deformed HEA as a function of temperature.Исследование выполнено в соответствии с Федеральным заданием Министерства образования и науки РФ (проект FSUN-2020-0014 (2019-0931)): «Исследования метастабильных структур, формируемых на поверхностях и границах раздела материалов при экстремальном внешнем воздействии». Исследование проведено на оборудовании «ЦКП Структура, механические и физические свойства материалов» НГТУ (№ 13.ЦКП. 21.0034, 075-15-2021-698).The study was carried out in accordance with the Federal Task of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation (FSUN project‑2020-0014 (2019–0931)): “Studies of metastable structures formed on surfaces and interfaces of materials under extreme external influence”. The study was carried out on the equipment “CCP Structure, mechanical and physical properties of materials” of NSTU (No. 13.CCP.21.0034, 075-15-2021-698)

Comparative Efficacy of Single Pill Combinations of Azilsartan Medoxomil/Chlorthalidone and Losartan/Hydrochlorothiazide in Patients with Hypertension and Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Aim. To study the effects of azilsartan medoxomil/chlorthalidone (AZM/CTD) and losartan/hydrochlorothiazide (LOS/HCT) combinations for NTproBNP levels, 6-minute walk test results, hydration status along with their antihypertensive efficacy according to clinical and 24-hour blood pressure in patients with hypertension and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).Material and methods. An open randomized study included 56 patients with uncontrolled or untreated hypertension and HFpEF. Patients randomized to receive the AZM/CTD 40/12.5 mg/day (group 1; n=28) or LOS/HCT 100/12.5 (group 2; n=28) within 4 weeks. Patients who did not achieve the target BP <140/<90 mm Hg study drug dose was intensified: in the first group, an increase in the dose of AZM/CTD 40/25 mg/day, in the second group, an increase in the dose of LOS/HCT 100/25 mg/day. The observation period was 12 weeks. All patients underwent a clinical examination with an assessment of symptoms and/or signs of HF, laboratory and instrumental studies, including NT-proBNP, ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring, applanation tonometry, a 6-minute walk test (6MWT), echocardiography. In order to assess the status of hydration, bioimpedance vector analysis (BIVA) was performed. HFpEF was diagnosed according to the HFA-PEFF algorithm. The results were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.Results. After 12 weeks, 92% of patients in the first and 78% of patients in the second group reached the target clinical BP (р<0,05). Average daily BP <130/ <80 mm Hg was reached by 82% of patients treated with the combination of AZM/CTD, compared with 67% treated with the combination of losartan/HCT (p<0.05). After 12 weeks, patients from both groups showed a significant decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure, central blood pressure, and a decrease in pulse wave velocity, which was more significantly significant in the first group of patients (p<0.05). During therapy in both groups of patients, a significant decrease in the level of NT-proBNP was observed: in the first group from 300 [199; 669] pg/ml to 156 [157; 448] pg/ml (p=0,003), in the second group from 298 [180; 590] pg/ml to 194 [140; 360] pg/ml (p=0,006), an increase in the distance during the 6MWT from 317 [210; 398] m to 380 [247; 455] m (p=0,006) in in the first group and an improvement in the hydration status according to the BIA data, but more significantly significant in the first group (p<0.001).Conclusion. In patients with hypertension and HFpEF, therapy with the AZM/CTD combination compared with LOS/HCT is accompanied by a more pronounced antihypertensive effect in terms of ambulatory and peripheral blood pressure, central blood pressure, NTproBNP levels, increased distance in 6MWT and achievement of euvolemia status

Leading Factors of Progression in Patients with Cardiac Amyloidosis

Aim. To describe prognostic meaning of cardiac and other principal clinical manifestations of systemic AL-amyloidosis in their interrelations.Material and methods. It has been made long-time survival analysis of 147 patients with systemic AL-amyloidosis. In the special investigation group (n=58) of AL (n=55) and ATTR (n=3) amyloidotic cardiopathy patients there were evaluated prognostically important structural and functional changes in myocardium with standard and impulse-wave tissue dopplerometric echocardiography in comparison with NTproBNP serum levels.Results. Even though significantly increased nowadays surviving of AL-amylodotic patients (Me=90 months) it has been found that as at previously time orthostatic hypotension and amyloid cardiopathy are being most severe initial syndromes (median 25 months), but after 1 year from diagnosis influence of these syndromes on surviving had decreased and most low surviving was more common in patients with CKD 3-5 (median 28 months). Influence of CKD 3-5 on surviving was associated predominantly with intracardial hemodynamics deterioration. Together with decreased systolic shortening strain rate (48,5%) decreased filtration rate (47,9%) was second of main factors contributing into NTproBNP increasing in effective multiple regression model (R=0,702, F(4,21)=5,095, p=0,005). NTproBNP level in less degree depended on renal clearance.Conclusion. Heart damage is one of the most prognostically unfavorable manifestations of systemic amyloidosis due to a sharp deterioration in the elastic properties of the myocardium, in the process of further development of amyloidosis, the leading factor in progression is the deterioration of the profile of cardiorenal interactions, the marker of which is the level of NTproBNP