Effects of probiotic (live and inactive Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on meat and intestinal microbial properties of Japanese quails

The present work evaluated the effect of probiotic (live and inactive Saccharomyces cerevisiae) on meat and intestinal microbial properties of Japanese quails. Twenty-four (24) 1-day-old Japanese quails were obtained from a commercial hatchery. The birds were randomly divided into 2 groups. The dietary treatments were: 1) basal diet (control), 2) basal diet plus 0.1% live S. cerevisiae and 0.05% inactive S. cerevisiae. The Japanese quails were fed with the diets from day 1 to day 72. At the end of the experiment, 12 Japanese quails per experimental group were slaughtered, and meat and intestinal samples were taken. Collected meat and intestinal samples were transported at 4°C to the laboratory of food hygiene in Islamic Azad University, Tabriz branch. In this study, each sample of 25 g was prepared according to the standard methods of Institute of Standards and Industrial Research of Iran; No: 356, 1810, 2197, 2946, 1194 and 437 for preparation, culture and detection of bacterial total count, Lactobacilli bacteria, Coliforms bacteria, Clostridium perfringens, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus sp. According to the results of effects of probiotic (active and inactive S. cerevisiae) on intestinal and meat microbial properties of Japanese quails, in the probiotic cases, a significant reduction in the properties of total bacterial count (p = 0.007), Streptococcus sp. (p = 0.046), Coliform (p = 0.041) and Lactobacillus (p = 0.032) in intestinal microbial properties and only significant reduction on properties of total bacterial count was observed (p = 0.01). Probiotics may help in reducing the microbial properties of meat and intestine, and the present study had provided evidences that supplementation of probiotics in the diet of Japanese quails had a significant effect on microbial properties reduction, especially on intestinal microbial flora.Keywords: Probiotic, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, microbial properties, Japanese quail

Corresponding Author Antinecroinflammatory Effects of Atorvastatin Against Carbon Tetra Chloride-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats Antinecroinflammatory Effects of Atorvastatin Against Carbon Tetra Chloride-induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats

ABSTRACT Atorvastatin is widely used in the treatment of hepatic disease. The aim of present study is to determine the necroinflammatory activity of atorvastatin against CCl 4 -induced hepatotoxicity in rats. 30 Adult Wistar male albino rats were collected and these rats divided randomly into 5 groups. Group I was as Control group and received intraperitoneal injection of saline (1mg.kg -1 ), Group II received CCl (1 mg/kg, s.c), Group III received Atorvastatin (5 mg/kg, p.o) +CCl (1 mg/kg, i.p), Group IV received Atorvastatin (10 mg/kg, p.o) +CCl (1 mg/kg, i.p) and Group V received Atorvastatin (15 mg/kg, p.o) +CCl (1 mg/kg, i.p) for 28 consecutive day. At the 28 day blood samples from all rats of every group were collected and levels of SGPT, SGOT, ALP and Bilirubin by standard kits were assayed. The liver tissues were taken for histopathological examination. From histopathological study in group I no abnormal changes were observed and in group II, III and IV different abnormal changes with different degrees consist of fatty change, lymphocytic infiltration, necrosis, congestion and hemorrhage were distinguished.in end for Group V no fatty change were observed and was similar to normal hepatocyte. The animals treated with CCl 4 exhibited a significant (P<0.001) rise in SGOT, SGPT, ALP and bilirubin levels when compared to the control group. The results of this study clearly demonstrated that the atorvastatin exhibited potent hepatoprotective activity against CCl 4 -induced hepatic damage in rats. This may be due to their antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties. In this study, an increase in the activities of SGPT, SGOT, ALP and bilirubin in serum evidenced the CCl4 -induced hepatocellular damage because these are cytoplasmic in location and are released into the circulation after cellular damage