Primary nocturnal enuresis in children presenting to the outpatient Department of Khartoum ENT Teaching Hospital with adenotonsillar hypertrophy

ABSTRACT Background: Primary Nocturnal Enuresis (PNE) is a common health problem seen in childhood. It has many risk factors that can play a role in its etiology including an untreated adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) which is the most common etiology of obstructed sleep apnea (OSA). Objective: This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of PNE in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy (ATH) and to reveal the relation of PNE with severity of ATH in Sudanese children. Material and Methods: A total of two hundreds and ninety patients diagnosed with ATH were recruited in this prospective study with age ranging from 5 to 15 years. The study was conducted in Khartoum ENT teaching hospital from Jan. to May 2012. Results: From 290 patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy, 114 (39.3%) were proved to have primary nocturnal enuresis. From these 114 children, 86 (75.4%) were wetting their beds at least once a week. Almost half of the study population had grade 3 adenotonsillar hypertrophy. However, no statistically significant relationship was found between frequency of primary nocturnal enuresis and grading of adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Conclusion: Prevalence of primary nocturnal enuresis in children with adenotonsillar hypertrophy was high (40%). Children presenting with nocturnal enuresis should be evaluated for adenotonsillar hypertrophy. There is no association between primary nocturnal enuresis and severity of upper airway obstruction caused by adenotonsillar hypertrophy

Pattern of renal diseases in sudanese children attending renal unit in tertiary center in Khartoum-Sudan

No Abstrac

Food allergies in patients with down syndrome disorder in Khartoum-Sudan

ABSTRACT Background: Down syndrome (DS) is the most frequent trisomy in humans, being universally present across racial, gender or socioeconomic lines, and affecting approximately 1 in 800 live births. Down syndrome usually causes varying degrees of intellectual, physical disability and associated medical issues. The association of Down syndrome and food allergies has been shown in several studies outside Sudan, the evidence from these studies suggested that, (DS) patients suffer from multiple food allergies. Objective: This study was undertaken to look for the association and frequency of food allergy among Sudanese patients with Down syndrome and to study the different types of food antigens among them. Material and method: This was a cross-sectional study done in three rehabilitation centers in Khartoum state from January to February 2011. A total of 100 individuals were recruited, of those thirty-six were (DS) patients who had symptoms of food allergy, thirty-six (DS) patients without symptoms of food allergy and twenty eight healthy individuals as a control group. Blood Immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels were semi-quantitatively measured using immunoblotting technique. Results: All Down syndrome patients with symptoms of food allergy showed positive results for IgE antibodies specific for one or more type of food antigen (100%), thirty two (89%) Down syndrome patients without symptoms of food allergy were positive for specific food antigen in one or more types of antigen and only two (7.1%) individuals from the control group were positive for one antigen of food allergy. Conclusion: The association between Down syndrome and food allergies in our study population was very significant; it is therefore of utmost importance to evaluate all (DS) children for food allergies