Semi-supervised Thai Sentence Segmentation Using Local and Distant Word Representations

A sentence is typically treated as the minimal syntactic unit used to extract valuable information from long text. However, in written Thai, there are no explicit sentence markers. Some prior works use machine learning; however, a deep learning approach has never been employed. We propose a deep learning model for sentence segmentation that includes three main contributions. First, we integrate n-gram embedding as a local representation to capture word groups near sentence boundaries. Second, to focus on the keywords of dependent clauses, we combine the model with a distant representation obtained from self-attention modules. Finally, due to the scarcity of labeled data, for which annotation is difficult and time-consuming, we also investigate two techniques that allow us to utilize unlabeled data: Cross-View Training (CVT) as a semi-supervised learning technique, and a pre-trained language model (ELMo) to improve word representation. In the experiments, our model reduced the relative error by 7.4% and 18.5% compared with the baseline models on the Orchid and UGWC datasets, respectively. Ablation studies revealed that the main contributing factor was adopting n-gram features, which were further analyzed using the interpretation technique and indicated that the model utilizes the features in the same way that humans do

C2 Anatomy for Translaminar Screw Placement Based on Computerized Tomographic Measurements

Study DesignAnatomical study.PurposeTo evaluate the anatomy of the C2 lamina for translaminar screw placement based on computerized tomographic measurements.Overview of LiteratureC2 translaminar screw insertion is a novel technique for atlanto-axial fixation. The risk of vertebral artery injury can be decreased by this technique. However, a large series of anatomical studies on C2 anatomy in Asian populations is still lacking.MethodsTwo hundred adult C2 vertebrae were evaluated by computerized tomographic imaging. The measured parameters included inner and outer transverse diameters of C2 lamina, C2 laminar length and spino-laminar angle. C2 vertebrae with lamina screw placement feasibility were defined as those with inner transverse diameter larger than 3.5 mm.ResultsThe mean inner transverse diameter of the C2 lamina was 4.23±1.22 mm. It was significantly larger in males than in females (4.44±1.29 mm vs. 3.96±1.06 mm, p=0.005). The mean outer transverse diameter of C2 lamina was 6.64±1.36 mm. The mean C2 laminar length was 37.26±4.42 mm. The mean C2 spino-laminar angle was 56.42±6.42 degrees. Seventy-nine percents of patients had inner transverse diameter larger than 3.5 mm.ConclusionsC2 translaminar screw fixation was feasible in the majority of the adult population. However, there were some people who had small C2 lamina. We recommend preoperative computed tomography evaluation to confirm the feasibility of screw placement

Spray-Layer-by-Layer Carbon Nanotube/Electrospun Fiber Electrodes for Flexible Chemiresistive Sensor Applications

Development of a versatile method for incorporating conductive materials into textiles could enable advances in wearable electronics and smart textiles. One area of critical importance is the detection of chemicals in the environment for security and industrial process monitoring. Here, the fabrication of a flexible, sensor material based on functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) films on a porous electrospun fiber mat for real-time detection of a nerve agent simulant is reported. The material is constructed by layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly of MWNTs with opposite charges, creating multilayer films of MWNTs without binder. The vacuum-assisted spray-LbL process enables conformal coatings of nanostructured MWNT films on individual electrospun fibers throughout the bulk of the mat with controlled loading and electrical conductivity. A thiourea-based receptor is covalently attached to the primary amine groups on the MWNT films to enhance the sensing response to dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), a simulant for sarin nerve agent. Chemiresistive sensors based on the engineered textiles display reversible responses and detection limits for DMMP as low as 10 ppb in the aqueous phase and 5 ppm in the vapor phase. This fabrication technique provides a versatile and easily scalable strategy for incorporating conformal MWNT films into three-dimensional substrates for numerous applications.United States. Army Research Office. Institute for Soldier Nanotechnologies (Contract No. DAAD-19–02–0002

Real-Time Control of a Video Game Using Eye Movements and Two Temporal EEG Sensors

EEG-controlled gaming applications range widely from strictly medical to completely nonmedical applications. Games can provide not only entertainment but also strong motivation for practicing, thereby achieving better control with rehabilitation system. In this paper we present real-time control of video game with eye movements for asynchronous and noninvasive communication system using two temporal EEG sensors. We used wavelets to detect the instance of eye movement and time-series characteristics to distinguish between six classes of eye movement. A control interface was developed to test the proposed algorithm in real-time experiments with opened and closed eyes. Using visual feedback, a mean classification accuracy of 77.3% was obtained for control with six commands. And a mean classification accuracy of 80.2% was obtained using auditory feedback for control with five commands. The algorithm was then applied for controlling direction and speed of character movement in two-dimensional video game. Results showed that the proposed algorithm had an efficient response speed and timing with a bit rate of 30 bits/min, demonstrating its efficacy and robustness in real-time control

LbL carbon nanotube electrodes for flexible chemical sensor and energy storage applications

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemical Engineering, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references.The spray-assisted layer-by-layer (LbL) technique has been investigated for creating multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) films on porous electrospun fiber mats via LbL assembly of surface-functionalized MWNTs. Negative and positive charges were introduced on outer walls of MWNTs by surface functionalization to enable the assembly of MWNTs into multilayer films without binder via the LbL technique. Conformal coating of MWNT films on individual electrospun fibers was achieved by applying a pressure gradient across the electrospun fiber mat to generate flow throughout the porous membrane during the spray-LbL deposition. The resulting MWNT films were shown to have interpenetrating network of unbundled MWNTs with nanoporous texture, which is well suited as electrode material for numerous applications. These LbLMWNT/ electrospun fiber electrodes were utilized for applications in chemical sensing and energy storage as described below. First, the LbL-MWNT/electrospun fiber electrodes were employed as flexible chemiresistive sensors for real-time detection of a nerve agent simulant (dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP)). Available functional groups (-NH2 and -COOH) on the MWNT films offer a direct route for covalently attaching a receptor of interest to the MWNTs, in order to tailor the chemical specificity in a modular fashion. Here, a thiourea-based receptor was covalently attached to the -NH 2 functional groups on the MWNT/ES fiber electrodes to enhance sensitivity toward DMMP via hydrogen bonding interaction, resulting in an up to 3-fold increase in sensing response. Chemiresistive sensors based on the engineered textiles displayed reversible responses and detection limits for DMMP as low as 10 ppb in the aqueous phase and 5 ppm in the vapor phase. Employing the LbL-MWNT/electrospun fiber electrodes described above, we created hierarchical porous (HP) MWNT electrodes by removing the electrospun fiber substrate. The resulting HP-MWNT electrodes, which were self-standing and tens of micron in thickness, contained 3D interconnected macropores and mesoporous network of LbL-MWNT films. HP-MWNT electrodes can deliver a high gravimetric energy of ~100 Wh kg-1 at a gravimetric power of -25 kW kg' in lithium nonaqueous cells. Compared to similar MWNT electrodes without macropores, HP-MWNT electrodes exhibited superior rate capability with an up to 10-fold increase in energy retention when the power was increased from ~100 W kg-1 to ~100 kW kg~1 . These HP-MWNT electrodes possess great potential as electrode materials for high-rate electrochemical energy storage applications such as electric vehicles. In summary, this thesis presents a versatile and easily scalable strategy for depositing functionalized MWNT films on 3D porous substrates to create tailored nanostructured electrodes with for various applications, including flexible chemical sensors and energy storage devices.by Kittipong Saetia.Ph. D

Study of Parking Area Management of Queen Sirikit National Convention Center

งานวิจัยนี้วัตถุประสงค์การจัดการพื้นที่จอดรถภายในกรณีศูนย์ประชุมแห่งชาติสิริกิติ์ ซึ่งมีปัญหาที่จอดรถไม่ เพียงพอต่อการให้บริการที่จอดรถ ในการศึกษาได้เก็บข้อมูลปริมาณจราจร และพฤติกรรมการใช้พื้นที่จอดรถ ผู้วิจัยได้ ดําเนินการทดลองแก้ไขปัญหาดังกล่าวเป็น 3 กรณีโดยจัดมาตรการที่จอดรถใหม่โดยใช้โปรแกรมแบบจําลองสภาพ จราจรระดับจุลภาค Vissim ซึ่งเป็นเครื่องมือวัดสําหรับการประเมินผลและทดสอบสมมติฐานคือ กรณีที่ 1 จัดสัดส่วน พื้นที่จอดรถทั่วไป 65 % VIP 35 % การจอดรถประกอบด้วยการจอดระยะสั้น 1-2 ชั่วโมง ระยะยาว 3-4 ชั่วโมง และ จอดตลอดวัน กรณีที่ 2 จัดสัดส่วนพื้นที่จอดรถทั่วไป 83 % VIP 17 % การจอดรถประกอบด้วยการจอดระยะสั้น 1-2 ชั่วโมง และจอดตลอดวัน และกรณีที่ 3 จัดสัดส่วนพื้นที่จอดรถทั่วไป 83 % VIP 17 % แต่การจอดรถเป็นแบบจอด ตลอดวัน ผลการศึกษาพบว่า มาตรการการจัดการที่จอดรถ กรณีที่ 2 มีประสิทธิภาพดีกว่าโดยสามารถเพิ่มจํานวนรถ ให้มีที่จอดรถได้มากขึ้นกว่าปัจจุบัน 442 คัน มีการหมุนเวียนของช่องจอดรถมากขึ้นกว่าปัจจุบัน 0.09 คัน/ชั่วโมง/ช่อง และระยะเวลาการจอดรถระยะสั้นในกรณีที่ 2 เฉลี่ย 97 นาที ส่งผลให้การครอบครองพื้นที่จอดรถน้อยลงจากสภาพ ปัจจุบัน 8% จากผลด้านตัวแปรจราจรกรณีที่ 2 ด้านความล่าช้าพบว่ามีความล่าช้ากว่าปัจจุบัน 3 % ด้านระยะ เดินทาง และระยะเวลาเดินทางพบว่าน้อยกว่าปัจจุบันทําให้รถเข้าถึงที่จอดรถได้เร็วขึ้น ดังนั้นมาตรจัดการพื้นที่จอดรถ ใหม่ในกรณีที่ 2 สามารถเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพของพื้นที่จอดรถได้อย่างเหมาะสมโดยรองรับพื้นที่จอดรถได้มากกว่าในปัจจุบั