The effects of low intensity aerobic exercise on blood pressur

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: کاهش فعالیتهای جسمی (کم تحرکی) و پرفشاری خون هر دو از عوامل خطر در ایجاد بیماریهای قلبی و عروقی و سکته های مغزی می باشند. کنترل فشارخون در محدوده طبیعی می تواند از ایجاد این عوارض پیشگیری کند یا آنها را به تعویق اندازد. استفاده از روشهای غیر دارویی یکی از اقدامات مهم در کنترل فشارخون می باشد. این مطالعه با هدف بررسی تأثیر ورزش پیاده روی با شدت پایین بر فشارخون کارمندان مبتلا به پرفشاری خون اولیه، انجام شد. روش بررسی: پژوهش حاضر یک مطالعه نیمه تجربی است که در آن 36 کارمند مبتلا به پرفشاری خون اولیه مراجعه کننده به مراکز بهداشتی درمانی شهر بروجن در یک برنامه ورزشی پیاده روی با شدت پایین به مدت 4 هفته، هر هفته 3 بار و هر بار به مدت 30-20 دقیقه شرکت کردند. سرعت پیاده روی در حدی تعیین شد که ضربان قلب در محدوده 60-50 درصد حداکثر ضربان قلب باشد. قبل از ورود به برنامه ورزشی، بلافاصله بعد از آن و یک هفته بعد متغیرهای پژوهش (فشارخون، نبض، وزن و شاخص توده بدنی) مورد اندازه گیری قرار گرفتند. داده ها با استفاده از آزمونهای آماری t زوجی و آنالیز واریانس با اندازه گیری‌های مکرر تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: میانگین سنی واحدهای مورد پژوهش 5±13/46 سال بود. قبل و پس از مداخله به ترتیب میانگین فشارخون سیستولیک 12±04/150 و 11±5/149 (05/0p>)، فشارخون دیاستولیک 6±6/88 و 5±6/84 (001/0

Effect of Subliminal Auditory Stimulation on Components of Auditory Late Responses and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data in Adults with Normal Hearing

Background and Aim: The use of subliminal stimulation for unconscious effects on the target population is of great importance. while several studies have generated proper visual and auditory stimuli for subliminal stimulation, no study was found on the long-term effects of it. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the long-term effects of auditory subliminal presentation on the central nervous system structures using fMRI and Auditory Late Responses (ALRs). Methods: Participants were 26 students with a mean age of 24.03±2.32 years. There was four group in study. First, fMRI was done and ALRs were recorded for all of them. Then, music files containing words embedded in them was presented subliminally to participants in groups A and B for 10 days, group C received music file without any subliminal stimuli and group D was control group. It was repeated after 10 days. Results: The subliminal stimuli had significant effects on the amplitudes of P1, N1, P2, and P3 waves (F3=25.03, 25.41, 39.11, and 14.60; p<0.001). Between-group comparison showed significant changes in groups A and B compared to groups C and D (p<0.05). The difference in the recorded potential mean values showed the highest change for recording electrodes in the prefrontal, frontal, and central regions and the lowest change in parietal and occipital regions. There was no significant change for a latency component. Conclusion: Subliminal stimuli, presented appropriately and continuously, can leave longterm effects on the central nervous system structure causing extensive changes in the people’sattitude to a certain subject

Analysis of the post-phenomenological approach in virtual education and its implications for the educational system

The purpose of this study is to investigate the post-phenomenological approach in virtual education and its implications for the educational system. Analytical and inference methods have been used to achieve this goal. The growing influence of information and communication technology in the education system; on the other hand, the large increase in the number of applicants for education has led to challenges such as the superiority of virtual education over face-to-face education and has led to changes in education and its methods. One of the latest developments in this area is virtual education. The educational system, as the official institution of education, cannot be unaware of these changes and must, along with the technical view of the development of new technologies to philosophical research and how to change the perceptions and experiences of educators and educators when using these new technologies. Post-phenomenology with a focus on technology is one of the promising qualitative approaches for transparency in this field. The research findings showed that each of the post-phenomenological concepts such as Technological relations, multistability, and transparency in virtual education had implications for the education system. As a result, simultaneous attention to both engineering and humanities approaches in designing virtual learning environments is essential in the education system. This research is an attempt in the field of humanities approach to new technologies along with its quantitative and technical development

An Overview on the Treatment and Management of the Desalination Brine Solution

Due to the increasing limitations of water resources, application of desalination plants is expanding. One of the constraints associated with desalination plant operation is the production of concentrated solution, which is known as brine and can lead to critical challenges in the environment due to its high level of salinity. In this regard, many different disposal options used recently to control and prevent the environmental issues may be caused by the brine. Evaporation ponds, surface water discharge, and deep well injection are considered as the most well-known options to properly dispose concentrated brine. However, the application of these methods is highly restricted by capital cost and their limited uses. The treatment methods vary in terms of their ability in organics removal and can be divided into three different conventional groups as biological, physicochemical, and oxidation. In recent years, more attention has been paid to membrane-based technologies due to their economic performance in recovering precious resources and providing potable water with high recovery rates. This book chapter provides some critical reviews on recent technologies including treatment operations and disposal options to manage concentrated solutions from desalination plants. Finally, electrodialysis, forward osmosis, and membrane distillation as emerging membrane processes are examined in this chapter

Effective climatic factors in mountainous regions of Iran for urban planning: a case study in Rudbar Qasran in the Central Alborz.

Natural features of a place are considered as a bed for creation and extension of habitat, recognition of living system capabilities will be helpful as a guideline in future planning and elimination of limits and obstacles. The region of our study is situated on the high level of central Alborz. This region is extended from 51˚, 225' to 51˚, 43' in eastern wing of Greenwich Meridian and also 35˚, 47' to 36˚ in the north of equator. Above position includes special climate because of height effect, some of its features are semi mild summers and cold winters and also its variation slope is lower than 1 degree.However Jajorod and Ahar valleys have a great effect on region's ecology but this region is a combined area of mountain and valley. So, height differences affect on temperature variation and slope effects are quite obvious in this region. Besides Jajorod river, earth slope is various from 5 to 51% and a town, Darkia, around this complexity. Generally Geographical directions related to warm and cold slopes ,extended in all four main direction(south, west, east and north), can influence on town construction. This study presents the initial ecological studies in this field, moreover, people are more sensitive in weather changes and ecology situation, so the more we inform about these effects,the better we can manage daily activities. This research attempts to identify the role and impact of natural environmental factors, particularly climatic elements such as effective temperature, rainfall and topography on the physical development , physical cities, particularly cities in the region like Rudbar, Qasran, Oshan and Fasham. In this article, analytical methods, field and library have been used and the results show the most important factors which affect normal physical development such as temperature, ice, rainfall and topography

Contributing Factors in Inducing Noise Induced Hearing Loss

The most common contributing factors in inducing hearing loss in adults are aging, exposure to noise and the interaction among these factors with other parameters. Individual parameters are also effective in the extent of hearing loss which is produced. Being aware of Vulnerability factors such as physical parameters, Auditory and non-auditory factors can be useful in considering a good hearing conservation program for noise induced hearing losses.In the current article we are aimed at introducing three important parameters and their sub-divisions pertaining to this issue

Relation Between Tympanic Pressure Gradients and Oto Acoustic Emissions

In addition to Stimulus frequuncy and level, emitting Inner ear structurs status, OAEs  parameters depend on conductive sound pathways charactristics, so abnormal OAEs donot always represent cochlear abnormality. Middle ear transmites Vibrations in two directions: forward and backward. Middle ear pathologies affect both forward and backward transmission. In this paper, The purpose is investigation of immediate effects of tympanic over - and under - pressure on click evoked Otoacoustic Emissions (CEOAEs) in healthy individuals. Healthy subjects with normal hearing and middle ear were exposed to ambient pressure changes in a pressure champer. The pressure was progressively changed in 100 dapa steps to accomplish on increase and decrease  in tympanic pressure. Pressure equilibration of the middle ear was avoided. The relative tympanic over-and under - pressure (+/-320 dapa) was monitored by tympanometry and CEOAEs recorded at every step of tympanic pressure change. The CEOAEs recorded during progressive tympanic over-and under- pressure had reduced amplitude and shorter latencies that were most pronounced in the 750 to 3000 Hz frequency bands

The effect of side-lying position on the parameters of transient evoked otoacoustic emission

Background and Aim: One of the non-pathological factors affect otoacoustic emissions is body position. In the present study, the effect of side-lying position on evoked otoacoustic emission properties and related existing assumptions were investigated.Methods: The cross-sectional study was performed on 42 adults aged 18-25 years. The results of Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) test were recorded and analyzed in sitting, supine, and side-lying (Ipsi and Contra) positions to compare the total response level, whole wave reproducibility, signal to noise ratio in frequencies of 1 to 5 KHz, and the lasting time of the test.Results: Changing of the body position had a significant effect on total response level, whole wave reproducibility, and lasting time of the test (p<0.010) while this effect on signal to noise ratio was just found at 1 KHz (p<0.001). The highest total response level and lowest lasting time of the test values were observed in side-lying (contra) position (p<0.050).Conclusion: Side-lying position (contra) is the best position for the TEOAEs test. The results of this study partly confirm intracranial pressure change hypothesis that intracochlear fluid pressure increase in the auditory system; although there are contradictions in this field