The Goldilocks Effect of Strategic Human Resource Management? Optimizing the Benefits of a High-Performance Work System Through the Dual Alignment of Vertical and Horizontal Fit

Although vertical and horizontal fit in strategic human resource management are foundational to the links between a high-performance work system (HPWS) and organizational performance, little is known about how these two fits interact to affect organizational performance. We address this shortcoming while also advancing knowledge on each type of fit. We offer a more nuanced examination of vertical fit (which has typically been assessed with respect to organizations\u27 broad strategic types) by focusing on the alignment of an HPWS with an organization\u27s market entry timing mode—a key element of strategy. We propose that among organizations pursuing new product development, the effect of an HPWS on organizational performance is most positive under a fast-follower entry timing, followed by a first-mover and finally a fence-sitter entry timing. We then hypothesize that the benefit of vertical fit is magnified when the complementary human resources practices comprising an HPWS are implemented with greater internal consistency (or with similar intensities) across the ability, motivation, and opportunity domains—reflecting a positive interaction between vertical and horizontal fit in predicting the effectiveness of an HPWS. Analyses of four-wave nationally representative panel data yield strong support for our dual-alignment model of SHRM

Regional characteristics of fine aerosol mass increase elucidated from long-term observations and KORUS-AQ campaign at a Northeast Asian background site

Funding Information: This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (NRF2020M3G1A111499813). S. Lim was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) from the Ministry of Science and ICT (2018R1D1A1B07050849 and 2021R1C1C2011543). M. Lee thanks to the support by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF2020R1A2C301459213). S.-W. Kim was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education (2017R1D1A1B06032548). Funding to K.-S. Kang was provided by the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER-RP2017-166). Funding Information: This research was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (MSIT) (NRF2020M3G1A111499813). S. Lim was supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) from the Ministry of Science and ICT (2018R1D1A1B07050849 and 2021R1C1C2011543). M. Lee thanks to the support by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science and ICT (NRF2020R1A2C301459213). S.-W. Kim was supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Education (2017R1D1A1B06032548). Funding to K.-S. Kang was provided by the National Institute of Environmental Research (NIER-RP2017-166). Publisher Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s)Northeast Asia has suffered from severe PM2.5 pollution and the exact mechanisms have yet to be fully understood. Here, we investigated the transformation processes of submicron aerosols using a 4-year data set obtained at Jeju, a Northeast Asian background site. The diurnal-cycle constrained empirical orthogonal function analysis of nanoparticle size-number distribution distinguished 2 modes: burst of nucleation-Aitken particles and increase in accumulation mode particles, representing “new particle formation and growth” and “PM2.5 mass increase,” respectively. In these events, aerosol and meteorological characteristics changed progressively over several days, revealing that the PM2.5 mass increase is an episodic event occurring on a regional scale. The increase in PM2.5 mass was accompanied by an increase in aerosol liquid water content, which correlated well with SO4-2 and NO3, and a decrease in incoming solar radiation (-14.1 Wm-2 day-1) constituting a positive feedback. The “transport/haze” episode of KOREA-U.S. Air Quality campaign corresponds to “PM2.5 mass increase,” during which the vertical evolution of particles demonstrates that nanoparticles ≥3.5 nm were entrained into the shallow boundary layer upon vertical mixing and converted to accumulation-mode particles ≥0.3 mm at relative humidity (RH) exceeding the deliquescence RH of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA). Coincidently, at ground, the coating thickness of refractory black carbon (rBC) (48 ± 39 nm) and SIA concentration increased. Furthermore, the diameter of rBC (180-220 nm)-containing particle in core-shell configuration linearly increased with PM2.5 mass, reaching 300-400 nm at PM2.5 ≥ 40 mg m-3.This observational evidence suggests that the thick coating of rBCs resulted from the active conversion of condensable gases into the particulate phase on the rBC surface, thereby increasing the mass of the accumulation-mode aerosol. Consequently, this result complies with the strategy to reduce primary emissions of gaseous precursors for SIA and particulates such as rBC as a way to effectively mitigate haze pollution as well as climate change in Northeast Asia.Peer reviewe

Employee Stock Ownership and Financial Performance in European Countries: The Moderating Effects of Uncertainty Avoidance and Social Trust

This study investigates how the effect of employee stock ownership on financial performance may hinge on the diverse cultural and societal contexts of European countries. Based on agency and national culture theories, we hypothesize that the positive relationship between employee stock ownership and return on assets (ROA) is stronger in those nations with lower uncertainty avoidance and higher social trust. Using a multisource, time‐lagged, large‐scale dataset of 1,741 firms from 21 countries in Europe, our multilevel, random coefficient modeling analysis found evidence for these hypotheses, suggesting that uncertainty avoidance and social trust serve as important contextual cues in predicting the linkage between employee stock ownership and financial performance. Our supplemental analysis with distinction between the managerial and nonmanagerial employee stock ownership further indicates managerial employee stock ownership has a direct positive effect on ROA. Although nonmanagerial employee stock ownership had a nonsignificant association with ROA, the relationship was positive and significant when uncertainty avoidance was low and social trust was high. This research contributes to the existing literature by illuminating some of the contextual influences altering the effectiveness of employee stock ownership. Our findings also offer practical suggestions for effectively using employee stock ownership

The Goldilocks Effect of Strategic Human Resource Management? Optimizing the Benefits of a High-Performance Work System Through the Dual Alignment of Vertical and Horizontal Fit

[Excerpt] Fit is a foundational concept in strategic human resource management (SHRM). In this context, there are two types of ft: vertical ft, which refers to the degree of alignment between a frm’s HR strategy and its business strategy, and horizontal ft, or the extent to which a frm’s bundle of HR activities is aligned or mutually reinforcing. The dual alignment model of SHRM postulates that organizations perform best when both types of ft are in play. This study provides support for the dual alignment model and, thus, for a comprehensive and integrative approach to the design and implementation of HR strategies. Data for the study derive from Workplace Panel Surveys conducted biennially between 2005 and 2011 by the Korean Labor Institute. The overall sample included 1,416 frms representing 17 different industries. Data analysis involved 3,456 establishment-year observations – 806, 842, 897, and 911 across the four years covered by the study.ResearchBrief_Kehoe_9_19_FINAL.pdf: 435 downloads, before Oct. 1, 2020