2 research outputs found
The dietary intake of carrotâderived rhamnogalacturonanâI accelerates and augments the innate immune and antiâviral interferon response to rhinovirus infection and reduces duration and severity of symptoms in humans in a randomized trial
Acute respiratory infections are an important health concern. Traditionally, polysaccharideâenriched extracts from plants, containing immunomodulatory rhamnogalacturonanâI (RGâ1), were used prophylactically. We established the effects of dietary supplementation with carrotâderived RGâI (cRGâI, 0â0.3â1.5 g/day) in 177 healthy individuals (18â 65 years) on symptoms following infection with rhinovirus strain 16 (RV16). Primary outcomes were changes in severity and duration of symptoms, and viral load in nasal lavage. Secondary outcomes were changes in innate immune and antiâviral responses, reflected by CXCL10 and CXCL8 levels and cell differentials in nasal lavage. In a nested cohort, exploratory transcriptome analysis was conducted on nasal epithelium. Intake of cRGâI was safe, wellâtolerated and accelerated local cellular and humoral innate immune responses induced by RV16 infection, with the strongest effects at 1.5 g/d. At 0.3 g/d, a faster interferonâinduced response, induction of the key antiâviral gene EIF2AK2, faster viral clearance, and reduced symptom severity (â20%) and duration (â25%) were observed. Antiâviral responses, viral clearance and symptom scores at 1.5 g/d were in between those of 0 and 0.3 g/d, suggesting a negative feedback loop preventing excessive interferon responses. Dietary intake of cRGâI accelerated innate immune and antiviral responses, and reduced symptoms of an acute respiratory viral infection