1-(2,6-Dichloro­benzo­yl)-3-(2,3,5,6-tetra­chloro­phen­yl)thio­urea trichloro­methane hemisolvate

The title compound, C14H6Cl6N2OS·0.5CHCl3, crystallizes with four 1-(2,6-dichloro­benzo­yl)-3-(2,3,5,6-tetra­chloro­phen­yl)thio­urea mol­ecules and two trichloro­methane mol­ecules in the asymmetric unit. The thiourea molecules exist in the solid state in their thione forms with typical thio­urea C—S and C—O bonds lengths, as well as shortened C—N bonds. The —NH—C(=S)—NH—C(=O)— plane is almost perpen­dicular to the benzene ring in each thiourea molecule. Intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds stabilize the mol­ecular conformation and inter­molecular N—H⋯S hydrogen bonds stabilize the packing arrangement

Association between circulating adiponectin levels and polycystic ovarian syndrome

Background: Low adiponectin levels in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) have been largely attributed to obesity which is common among these patients. In addition, evidence also suggests that low adiponectin in PCOS may be related to insulin resistance (IR) in these women. However, studies on the role of adiponectin in younger and lean patients are limited. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to examine the association of adiponectin levels in young and lean women with PCOS.<p></p> Methods: A case–control study was conducted at the Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan. Cases were 75 patients of PCOS with Body Mass Index (BMI) &23 aged 16–35 years and 75 healthy age and BMI matched controls were selected from family and friends of the cases. Demographic details, family history and past medical history were obtained through interview by a physician. Anthropometric measurements included weight and height of the participants. Fasting glucose, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), insulin, adiponectin, and androgen levels were determined. IR was calculated using homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Logistic regression models were used to assess the association between adiponectin and PCOS after adjusting for co-variates.<p></p> Results: On multivariable analysis, PCOS cases were 3.2 times more likely to have low adiponectin level (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.49-6.90, p-value 0.003) compared to the controls after adjustment for age, BMI, family history, marital status, total cholesterol, HDL level and IR. Females with a family history of PCOS were significantly more likely to have lower adiponectin (OR = 3.32, 95% CI 1.27-8.67, p-value 0.014) compared to those who did not have a family history of PCOS. The associations of IR and family history with low adiponectin level also remained statistically significant after adjustments for covariates.<p></p> Conclusion: Serum adiponectin levels are independently associated with PCOS and are only partly explained by IR. Adiponectin level may serve as a potential independent biomarker for diagnosis of PCOS in young and lean women with fewer symptoms, or women with a family history of PCOS

5-(3,4,5-Trimeth­oxy­phen­yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione

The two rings in the title compound, C11H12N2O4S, are roughly coplanar [dihedral angle = 6.77 (8)°]. Whereas the two outer methyl groups of the three meth­oxy groups are almost coplanar with the aromatic ring to which they are attached [C—C—O—C torsion angles = 8.5 (3) and −8.3 (3)°], the methyl group of the central meth­oxy substituent is not [C—C—C—C = −78.4 (3)°]. The crystal packing is stabilized by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonding

(Z)-2-Phenyl-3-pivaloyl-1,1-dipropyl­guanidine

In the title compound, C18H29N3O, a polysubstituted guanidine, the torsion angles indicate that the guanidine unit and the carbonyl group are almost perpendicular to one another [O—C—N—C= −7.40 (18), C—N—C—N= −97.21 (15) and 86.41 (13)°]. The crystal packing is stablized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link the mol­ecules into a chain

Structural Breaks and Volatility Spillover in South Asian Economies

Purpose - This study examines the volatility spillovers in the presence of structural breaks with specific reference to South Asian Capital markets. The global financial crisis of 2007-2009 has compelled policymakers to realize that financial instability has the potential to threaten economic stability and growth; therefore, managing the financial crisis is inevitable. To manage the impact of financial crises, understanding the dynamics of volatility spillover across various markets is imperative. This study has investigated the possible emergence of structural breaks in risk patterns after global financial crises in south Asian markets. Methodology - Using the data from July 2002 to June 2016, employing the Exponential GARCH methodology. Findings - This study finds a significant volatility spillover after the financial crisis of 2007-09. Therefore, the existence of a structural break in the risk pattern of south Asian capital markets cannot be fully rejected. Policy Implications - This conclusion is of prime importance to policymakers in devising policy guidelines concerning financial crises

Simulation of the research process

This paper presents first steps towards the development of a formal model of the research process. We evaluate the use of simulation as a tool for the evaluation of research strategies in nascent research organizations faced with the absence of significant data. We start by modeling the research process by using the ”Publish or Perish” paradigm, a well-known criteria of evaluation of research. We demonstrate the use of this model for researchers to evaluate the effects of selection of a particular publishing venue over time. We then perform various experiments using this basic idea. By means of various visualization techniques, we see how researchers with similar publishing policies might self-organize in the form of groups. We also evaluate the effects of giving higher weights to articles in journals and see where the effects of publishing in these venues breaks even for both top as well as average acceptance rates

2-Benzoyl-1-(2,4-dichloro­phen­yl)-3-phenyl­guanidine

In the title compound, C20H15Cl2N3O, a typical polysubstituted guanidine with normal geometric parameters, the torsion angles [C—N—C—O = 3.8 (2), N—C—N—C = −6.1 (2)°] indicate that the guanidine and carbonyl groups are almost coplanar, due to the pseudo-hexa­gonal ring formed by intra­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The crystal packing is stabilized by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, which link the mol­ecules into centrosymmetric dimers

Stability analyses of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids for oleic acid and yield traits under multi location trials in Pakistan

The development of a hybrid with high oleic acid is an important breeding goal for sunflower. High oleic acid sunflower has better cooking quality due to low oxidation and rancidity. Hence, inbred lines differing for oleic acid content were selected, alongside the development of hybrids where one or both parents exhibited high oleic acid content in edible oil, and then evaluated at various sites (i.e. with comparatively low temperature during sunflower reproductive phase at Sargodha and Faisalabad; while high temperature and low humidity at Bhawalpur and Multan) in Pakistan during spring season. Moreover, autumn season was relatively cool and high humid for sites (Faisalabad and Sargodha, Pakistan). DNA profiling of hybrids differing for oleic acid content using N1-3F/N2-1R confirmed the presence of a high oleic acid allele in the hybrids. Oleic acid content and seed yield components were increased at high temperature and low humidity to a greater extent in spring than in autumn season. Among the hybrids, one (H5) had stable high oleic acid content during the spring season with higher seed yield and kernel to seed percentage than the check cultivars (Hysun-33 and FH-331). Analysis of the combining ability of two locations revealed a relationship between mean oleic acid contents and combining ability, thereby suggesting the effectiveness of selection in developing high oleic acid inbred lines. Newly developed inbred C.112.P was a positive combiner for oleic acid at all sites except Sargodha, while restorer populations such as RH.344, RH.345 and RH.347 were positive male combiners

Depression, Anxiety And Stress Among Medical And Allied Health Sciences Students At Sargodha Medical College

Abstract Objective: This study attempts to determine the frequency of depression, anxiety and stress and associated factors among medical and allied health sciences students of Sargodha Medical College.  Methods: The nature of the study is cross-sectional, among 350 (175 each) medical and allied health sciences students of Sargodha Medical College. The students were recruited using convenient sampling. Socio-demographic information was recorded and depression, anxiety and stress were assessed using the depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21). Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24.0 was used for data entry and analysis. Results: The study shows that nearly half of medical students (53.1%) had depression, 69.7% had anxiety and 44% had stress; while among allied health sciences students, 60.6% were depressed, 73.7% had anxiety and 45.1% had reported stress. The mean depression score among medical students was 12.19 ± 9.98 and 13.29 ± 11.12 among allied health sciences students (p≤0.332). Conclusion: Based on the results, it is recommended that various methods should be adapted and prioritized for enhancing the mental health of the students to support and improve academic learning among students.