Effects of Intense Interval Exercise Activity on Muscle Injury Symptoms in Soccer Players

Introduction: Football match is an interval sport, with intense explosive attempts. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a bout of high- intensity interval exercise on muscle injury markers in male soccer players. Methods: Nineteen male soccer players with mean age: years; BMI: 21.80±2.44 kg.m-2 and VO2max 62.16±4.89 ml.kg-1.min-1 were selected purposefully and divided randomly into experimental and control groups. Copenhagen football test was taken from experimental group and control group had no activity at that time. 24 hours before and after the test, blood samples were drawn from all subjects to assay creatine kinase (CK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels. Data were analyzed using independent sample and paired sample t-tests (p≤0.05). Results: The results showed that serum CK (p=0.001) and LDH (p=0.021) levels increased significantly after the Copenhagen football protocol. Conclusion: intense interval sports activities, such as what happens in a football match, result in muscle damage in the players. Therefore, such exercises can be used for football players adaptation for the tournament and reduce the recovery time after that. Observing the increased markers of muscular damage due to Copenhagen soccer protocol, indicates that intensive interval exercise like whatever occurs in a soccer match, may lead to muscular damages in players

Effects of Nonlinear Resistance Training with Curcumin Supplement on Liver Enzymes in Men with Non- Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Introduction: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recently very common; however, there is no definitive treatment for it. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of nonlinear resistance training with curcumin supplement on liver enzymes in men with non- alcoholic fatty liver disease. Methods: Forty-eight men with obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (mean age: 38.24 ± 6.59 years and BMI: 29.27 ± 4.43 kg.m-2) were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups including resistance training (RT), resistance training with curcumin supplement (RTCS), curcumin supplement (CS) and placebo (P). Before and after the protocol blood samples were taken to investigate the alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alkaline phosphatase (ALP) levels. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), paired sample t- test and Tukey post hoc test were used to analyze the data (p<0.05). Results: The results indicated significant difference between groups in ALT (p=0.0001) and AST (p=0.0001) levels following 12 weeks of exercise and supplement interventions. Post-hoc multiple comparison of ALT and AST was significant between RT and RTCS groups with CS and P groups (p=0.0001). ALP levels was not significantly different between groups (p=0.05). Conclusion: It seems that nonlinear resistance training with curcumin supplement improves the liver enzymes in men with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Effect of High- Fiber Diet alongside with Aerobic Exercise on HbA1c, Fasting Blood Glucose and BMI of Overweight Diabetic Women

Introduction: New lifestyle is one of the most important causes of increased prevalence of diabetes due to inappropriate nutrition, consecutive stress, and lack of physical activity. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high- fiber diet and aerobic exercise on fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, and BMI in diabetic overweight women. Methods: 41 overweight females with type 2 diabetes (aged between 40- 60) were selected to participate in the study. Patients were randomly divided into four groups including (control, high-fiber diet, aerobic exercise, and high-fiber diet+ aerobic exercise). The high fiber diet group consumed 25-30 gr fiber daily during 12 weeks. The aerobic exercise intensity was 60% of maximum heart rate, and each session took 20- 45 minutes (every two weeks 5 minutes was added). High-fiber diet + exercise group did the aerobic exercises, in addition to receiving 25-30 gr fiber in a day. The control group had no regular exercise activities or a special diet. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) samples were taken before and after the test. Data was analysed by Mann-Whitney U-test and Covariance analysis tests. Results: The results of the study showed a significant reduction in HbA1c in the exercise group and in the high- fiber diet + exercise group compared to the control group (p=0.001). There were no significant differences in fasting blood glucose in the experimental groups compared to the control group (p=0.482). BMI changes were significantly higher in both control, and high- fiber diet + exercise groups (p=0.050). Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that aerobic exercise can solely or combined with a high-fiber diet relieve the chronic symptoms of diabetes. Also, BMI could have a significant decrease due to exercise and high-fiber diet. As a result, it seems that a regular exercise program and a high-fiber diet can be a part of prevention and treatment of diabetes

Effect of Aerobic Training with Blood Flow Restricting on Static Balance, Lower Extremity Strength, and Thigh Hypertrophy in Females with Multiple Sclerosis

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurological, progressive and debilitating disease in young adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 8-week aerobic training with restricted blood flow on static balance, thigh strength, and thigh hypertrophy in females with MS. Methods: 19 females with MS disease (age= 56.11±7.43 years and BMI= 22.78±1.78 kg.m-2) were selected and divided randomly into four groups: aerobic training (A), blood flow restriction (BFR), combination aerobic training and blood flow restriction (COM), and control group (C). Before and after 8 weeks of aerobic training (45 min aerobic training with 50- 60% HRmax) and restricted blood flow; the balance, thigh strength and hypertrophy were measured. Paired sample t-test, two-way repeated measure ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were used to analyze statistical data (p≤0.05). Results: The results showed significant difference between groups in balance (p= 0.02), thigh strength (p= 0.001), and hypertrophy (p= 0.04). Post hoc test showed a significant difference between the COM and C groups (p = 0.003) and COM and BFR groups (p = 0.03); but the COM group didn’t have better balance scores than the A (p=0.37) and BFR (p=0.15) groups. Also in thigh strength there was a significant difference between the COM and A group (p = 0.008) and between the COM and C group (p = 0.001); but the COM group didn’t have better thigh strength than BFR (p=0.08) group. Also there was a significant difference between COM and C group in hypertrophy (p = 0.02). Conclusion: According to the results aerobic training with blood flow restriction leads to increased balance, strength and thigh hypertrophy in MS patients so this approach can be taken instead of traditional aerobic training to decrease disability in MS patients

The Relationship between EQ & Constructive and Non-Constructive Problem Solving Styles among Payame Noor University's students of Abadan in the year 2014

The objective of the present study is considering the relationship between EQ &amp; constructive and non-constructive problem solving styles among students. The applied methodology is cross-correlation method. The statistical population in this study is all the educational sciences' students of Payame Noor university of Abadan in the year 2014 and the sampling is taken totally randomly and voluntary. Two surveys of EQ which proposed by Siryashring (1988) have used in this study that contain 33 questions. This study will measure 5 components of emotional intelligence: Self-awareness, self-control, self-motivation, social awareness and social skills. In addition the problem solving styles' survey that proposed by Velang (1996) has been applied that has made in two stages and has 24 questions, 12 items measure the problem-oriented style and rest of them measure the excitement-orientation. According to Cronbach's alpha the reliability coefficient of EQ is reported about 0.84. The validity of 0.63 is confirmed in Shirng's test of EQ. reliability coefficient of solving problem style is reported about 87%.Either reliability coefficient or factor content are confirmed by the faculty. Data analysis is done in two level of descriptive statistical (frequencies, percentages mean) and inferential statistics (Pearson correlation, chi-square test). The obtained results of assumptions show that there is no significant relationship between EQ and constructive problem solving; also there is no significant relationship between EQ and non-constructive problem solving. Moreover there is significant relationship between EQ in creative styles, avoidance and style tendencies. Nevertheless there is no relationship between EQ and distress styles. And the confidence style shows an inverse relationship. Keywords: EQ, Constructive problem solving styles, non- constructive problem solving style

The Relationship between Time Management and Student Achievement

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between time management and achievement of students. The statistical population of this study includes the students of educational sciences in the Payame Noor University of Abadan City in 2013. The population consists of 256 members. A sample of 70 students was selected randomly. In order to collect the research data, a self-administrated questionnaire was used. The research data were analyzed through both descriptive and inferential statistics in the SPSS. The results of this study revealed that there is a significant relationship between time management and achievement of students. Another part of our results showed that there is a significant positive relationship between age and time management. Keywords: Time Management, Planning, Achievemen

Patients with Covid 19 have significantly reduced CH50 activity

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a new virus that emerged in China and immediately spread around the world. Evidence has been documented that the immune system is impressively involved in the pathogenesis of this disease, especially in causing inflammation. One of the important components of the immune system is the complement system whose increased activity has been shown in inflammatory diseases and consequently damage caused by the activity of its components. In the present study, serum levels of C3 and C4 factors as well as the activity level of complement system in the classical pathway were measured by CH50 test in patients with SARS-CoV-2. Participants in the study consisted of 53 hospitalized patients whose real-time PCR test was positive for SARS-CoV-2. The mean age of these patients was 42.06 ± 18.7 years, including 40% women and 60% men. The most common symptoms in these patients were cough (70%), fever (59%), dyspnea (53%) and chills (53%), respectively. Analysis of biochemical and hematological test results revealed that 26 (49%) patients had lymphopenia, 34 (64%) patients were positive for C-reactive protein (CRP) and 26 (49%) patients had ESR and LDH levels significantly higher than normal. In addition, 27 patients (51%) had vitamin D deficiency. The mean CH50 activity level in COVID-19 patients was significantly reduced compared to healthy individuals (84.9 versus 169.9 U/ml, p = < 0.0001). Comparison of the mean CH50 activity levels between different subgroups of patients indicated that COVID-19 patients with decreased peripheral blood lymphocyte count and positive CRP had a significant increase in activity compared to the other groups (p = 0.0002). The serum levels of C3 and C4 factors had no significant change between patients and healthy individuals. Conclusion: The activity level of complement system in the classical pathway decreases in COVID-19 patients compared to healthy individuals, due to increased activity of complement system factors in these patients

Reliability and validity of the Persian version of Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait-Reduced (FCQ-T-r) in overweight and obese women

Introduction: Food Craving Questionnaire (FCQ) is a popular tool in assessing food craving which consisted of a trait (FCQ-T) and state (FCQ-S). The aim of the current study was to provide reliability and validity of the Persian version of FCQ-Trait-reduced (FCQ-T-r 15-items) in overweight and obese women. Material and methods: The subjects were 168 overweight and obese women who were consented to participate. The subjects completed the FCQ-T-r and subsequently, anthropometric, body composition and psychometric assessments performed to assess the inter-correlations and concurrent validity. The confirmatory factor analysis was done to derive the potential factors and internal consistency of the questionnaire was assessed. Two weeks later, FCQ-T-r repeated for 126 subjects to assess test-retest reliability. Results: The confirmatory factor analysis of by varimax rotation, show that three principal components were loaded on expected factors. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.90. (0.91, 0.78, and 0.71, for factors). The test–retest analysis shows an acceptable level of reliability ( P=0.001) and Pearson correlation coefficient  of 0.92 between the two administrations. In split-half reliability analysis the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the part 1 was 0.80 and for the part 2 was 0.86. The correlation coefficient between part 1 and part 2 was 0.81. Conclusion: This preliminary study provides evidences in favor of reliability and validity of the Persian version of the FCQ-T-r. In general, the results showed a high level of internal consistency for FCQ-T-r, and none of the 15 items had to be deleted to improve α

Loss of expression of TGF-βs and their receptors in chronic skin lesions induced by sulfur mustard as compared with chronic contact dermatitis patients

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Sulfur mustard (SM) is a blister-forming agent that has been used as a chemical weapon. Sulfur mustard can cause damage in various organs, especially the skin, respiratory system, and eyes. Generally, the multiple complications of mustard gas result from its alkalizing potency; it reacts with cellular components like DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipid membranes.</p> <p>TGF-β is a multi-functional cytokine with multiple biological effects ranging from cell differentiation and growth inhibition to extracellular matrix stimulation, immunosuppression, and immunomodulation. TGF-β has 3 isoforms (TGF-β 1, 2, 3) and its signaling is mediated by its receptors: R1, R2 and intracellular Smads molecules.</p> <p>TGF-β has been shown to have anti-inflammatory effects. TGF-βs and their receptors also have an important role in modulation of skin inflammation, proliferation of epidermal cells, and wound healing, and they have been implicated in different types of skin inflammatory disorders.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Seventeen exposed SM individuals (48.47 ± 9.3 years), 17 chronic dermatitis patients (46.52 ± 14.6 years), and 5 normal controls (44.00 ± 14.6 years) were enrolled in this study.</p> <p>Evaluation of TGF-βs and their receptors expressions was performed by semiquantitative RT-PCR. Only TGF1was analyzed immunohistochemically.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our results showed significant decreases in the expression percentages of TGF-β 1, 2 and R1, R2 in chemical victims in comparison with chronic dermatitis and normal subjects and significant decreases in the intensity of R1 and R2 expressions in chemical victims in comparison with chronic dermatitis and normal controls. (P value < 0.05)</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>TGF-βs and their receptors appear to have a noticeable role in chronic inflammatory skin lesions caused by sulfur mustard.</p