Optimization and fault diagnosis of 132 kV substation low-voltage system using electrical transient analyzer program

In this paper, a simulation and analysis of 132 kV Substation in feeds western Iraq have been presented including a short circuit (S.C) analysis. This work helps to properly control and coordinate the protection equipment used in this grid interconnection spot. This work includes power flow analysis carried out using electrical transient analyzer program (ETAP) simulator. Also, the most common types of faults are investigated for the substation buses using International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) and the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) standards to discover the behavioral characteristics under different scenarios for the substation transformers connection to assess the range of S.C current this substitution can ride through. Finally, the results of ANSI and IEC are theoretically investigated for validity to ensure reliability and quality assurance in the case study substation

Optimized Distributed Cooperative Control for Islanded Microgrid Based on Dragonfly Algorithm

This study introduces novel stochastic distributed cooperative control (SDCC) in the context of island microgrids (MGs). A proportional resonant (PR) controller and virtual impedance droop control in stationary reference frames are employed in cooperation with distributed averaging secondary control optimized by the dragonfly algorithm (DA). The suggested approach demonstrates the capability to achieve mean-square synchronization for the voltage and frequency restoration of distributed generators (DGs) to ensure efficient active power sharing. Therefore, a sparse communication network has been used to avoid data congestion and reduce the need for extensive communication and information exchange. The proposed system offers an instinctive compromise between voltage regulation and reactive power sharing. A conventional centralized secondary control with PR droop control is simulated for performance evaluation and comparison purposes. In this study, empirical evidence is demonstrated to support the MG’s ability to confront communication failure and its ability to work reliably during plug-and-play operations