Clinical and laboratory COVID-19 features in hospitalized patients with concomitant diabetes mellitus type 2: A retrospective study

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in comorbidity structures and its effect on the clinical course in hospitalized COVID-19 patients in south region of Kazakhstan. Material and methods: A retrospective analysis of data from 918 patients with COVID-19 treated at the City Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital was carried out. Pearson's Chi-square test and Student's t-test were conducted. Results: In Kazakhstan, diabetes mellitus occupies the second position in the structure of comorbidities in patients with COVID-19 with a share of 20%. Diabetes mellitus in patients most often occurs in combination with cardiovascular diseases and arterial hypertension (20.3% and 16.3%, respectively). Combination of diabetes mellitus, arterial hypertension and other diseases was detected in 72.4% of patients. Combination of diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular and other diseases was detected in 32.5%. In diabetes mellitus patients, COVID-19 was more severe, the hospital stay was longer, and patients over 60 years of age suffered. These patients had a combination of diabetes mellitus with arterial hypertension, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. Hyperglycemia, elevated blood pressure, rapid breathing, and low saturation were more common for these patients. Conclusion: Diabetes mellitus ranks second in the structure of comorbidities in COVID-19 in the south region of Kazakhstan and is characterized by a combination with cardiovascular diseases, arterial hypertension and obesity. In patients with diabetes, COVID-19 is more severe, which affects the length of stay in the hospital, the mortality rate and the need for transfer to the Intensive Care Unit

Foreign Students’ Social Adaptation to the Education Environment of a Higher Educational Institution: By the Example of S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University

The article provides the data of the research project conducted among the students of S. Seifullin Kazakh Agro Technical University (KATU). The research objective is to estimate the level of foreign students’ social adaptation to the education environment of the higher educational institution within the program of academic mobility. The research of the problems of foreign students’ social adaptation to the Kazakh Higher School has always been the subject of scholarly attention in the theoretical as well as in the applied aspect. Until now, the national scientists have not studied the problem of foreign students’ social adaptation at Kazakh higher educational institutions. It is necessary to close this gap, because the teaching of foreign students is becoming the most important part of the education system all over the world. Problems of academic mobility have been widely discussed by the global university and academic community. Scientists have been addressing the issues of the university viable horizons in the 21st century, intercultural communication, migration and internationalization of the higher education. Besides, the scholarly discourse places special emphasis on one more peculiarity of academic mobility in the western education system—the cultural and communication strategies. In the post-soviet education system, adjustment of education programs of academic mobility, i.e. care of adaptation of education technologies, was considered a major problem, whereas leading world universities address the problems of personal adaptation to the education environment, and that has become the issue number one in the modern world. Using the methods of literature review and sociological survey, we prove the hypothesis that the problems of personal adaptation to the education environment are the most important factors for the system of academic mobility. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n5p18

Managing adult patients with infectious diseases in emergency departments: international ID-IRI study

We aimed to explore factors for optimizing antimicrobial treatment in emergency departments. A single-day point prevalence survey was conducted on January 18, 2020, in 53 referral/tertiary hospitals in 22 countries. 1957 (17%) of 11557 patients presenting to EDs had infections. The mean qSOFA score was 0.37 +/- 0.74. Sepsis (qSOFA >= 2) was recorded in 218 (11.1%) patients. The mean qSOFA score was significantly higher in low-middle (1.48 +/- 0.963) compared to upper-middle (0.17 +/- 0.482) and high-income (0.36 +/- 0.714) countries ( P < 0.001). Eight (3.7%) patients with sepsis were treated as outpatients. The most common diagnoses were upper-respiratory (n = 877, 43.3%), lower-respiratory (n = 316, 16.1%), and lower-urinary (n = 201, 10.3%) infections. 1085 (55.4%) patients received antibiotics. The most-commonly used antibiotics were beta-lactam (BL) and BL inhibitors (n = 307, 15.7%), third-generation cephalosporins (n = 251, 12.8%), and quinolones (n = 204, 10.5%). Irrational antibiotic use and inappropriate hospitalization decisions seemed possible. Patients were more septic in countries with limited resources. Hence, a better organizational scheme is required