2 research outputs found

    Corporate sustainability standards : a comparison of two sustainability indices

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    Increased stakeholder pressure on companies to aim for more than profit maximization has resulted in adoption of corporate sustainability practices by companies. In response to the accountability pressures, companies have increased their reporting efforts to communicate financial and non-financial information. Efforts to communicate corporate positions on sustainable development are made in annual reports as well as by external organizations, in ranking systems. While sustainability indices and ratings are gaining increased recognition, neither the scientific community nor the business community have agreed on standards for corporate sustainability or assessment of sustainable development. However, under these conditions of uncertainty and undefined concepts, sustainability indices prosper. They create own methodologies to assess companies performance, present reports emphasizing on accuracy of measurements, earn trust of investors and exercise influence on companies’ behavior. At this point when sustainability indices play such an important role in corporate sustainability assessment, the call for an explanation how corporate sustainability standards are affected by sustainability indices arises. This study addresses this gap by the analysis of two sustainability indices, DJSI and FTSE4Good, and comparison of their methodology on a list of criteria. The criteria that were used for the comparison are values of corporate sustainability indices hold, influence they cause on different groups of stakeholders, and indicators they imply to assess companies. On the next stage comparison was done according to such categories as objectives indices have, techniques they apply, sources of information they use, and requirements for inclusion they state. The analysis and comparison of two sustainability indices in accordance to the chosen criteria reveal that there are more commonalities than differences in indices’ corporate sustainability assessment and several additional commonalities arose in the course of the analysis. Both, DJSI and FTSE4Good demonstrate their adherence to similar values of sustainable development on a corporate level, have influence on the same stakeholders and state almost identical requirements for the companies to be considered for the inclusion. The similarity between indices is the adoption of industry-specific weighting when a company is compared to its peers within the same industry. Discussing the question of methodologies both DJSI and FTSE4Good put effort on regular reviews and improvement of it. Finally, DJSI and FTSE4Good emphasize on the voluntary adoption of their corporate sustainability standards. In the questions of indicators and objectives the indices do not match completely but only at certain points. Differences were found in only two categories such as techniques and sources of information indices use in the assessment process. To sum up, two analysed indices have more similar points in assessment of corporate sustainability, than contradictions. This conclusion suggests that analysed indices have a tendency to establish standardization of the certain aspects of corporate sustainability assessment. Potential future analysis of the other influential sustainability indices with the application of the same conceptual framework will help to reveal a broader picture of the situation around corporate sustainability standards.En höjd medvetenhet om hĂ„llbar utveckling leder till förhöjda förvĂ€ntningar pĂ„ företags arbete med hĂ„llbarhetsfrĂ„gor. Det innebĂ€r att traditionella finansiella rapporter med vinstmaximering som mĂ„l inte lĂ€ngre rĂ€cker till. Företag förvĂ€ntas göra en icke-finansiell redovisning av ansvarstagande i bred bemĂ€rkelse. Dessa rapporter utgör tillsammans med externt genomförda vĂ€rderingar, indexeringar och rankingar kanaler för att kommunicera strategiskt hĂ„llbarhetsarbete och göra jĂ€mförelser. En mĂ€ngd olika hĂ„llbarhetsvĂ€rderingar och index som har utvecklats; var och en representerar de organisationer som tillhandahĂ„ller resultaten av sĂ„dana mĂ€tningar och jĂ€mförelser för allmĂ€nheten. Medan hĂ„llbarhetsindex och vĂ€rderingar vĂ€xer i popularitet, har varken forskarsamhĂ€llet eller affĂ€rsvĂ€rlden kommit enats om standarder för hĂ„llbar utveckling och dess bedömning. Det finns ingen enhetlig definition eller standard för kriterier för bedömning hĂ„llbarhet. Under dessa förhĂ„llanden blomstrar utvecklingen av hĂ„llbarhetsindex. En mĂ„ngfald av index skapas, dĂ€r varje index bygger pĂ„ egna metoder för att bedöma företags prestanda, presentera rapporter, fĂ„ ett förtroende hos investerare och pĂ„verkar företagens beteende. Givet den viktiga roll som hĂ„llbarhetsindex spelar för ett stort antal intressenter som gör bĂ„de strategiska och operativa beslut Ă€r det kritiskt att granska hur de samspelta de index som finns i dag Ă€r. Detta projekt Ă€r fokuserat pĂ„ tvĂ„ av de stora erkĂ€nda hĂ„llbarhetsindex som idag vĂ€gleder mĂ„nga företag och investerare, DJSI och FTSE4Good. De jĂ€mförs med avseende pĂ„ metod och val av kriterier för hĂ„llbar utveckling. Kriterierna Ă€r vĂ€rdena av hĂ„llbara index, pĂ„verkan de har pĂ„ olika grupper av intressenter och indikatorer de innebĂ€r för att bedöma företag. JĂ€mförelsen inkluderar Ă€ven kategorier som mĂ„l index har, tekniker de tillĂ€mpar, informationskĂ€llor de anvĂ€nder och en inkludering krav jĂ€mfördes. En analys och jĂ€mförelse av tvĂ„ hĂ„llbara index i överensstĂ€mmelse med de valda kriterierna pekar pĂ„ att det finns fler likheter Ă€n skillnader i index hĂ„llbarhetsbedömning. BĂ„de DJSI och FTSE4Good visa deras tolkning av vĂ€rden för en hĂ„llbar utveckling pĂ„ företagsnivĂ„ Ă€r relativt samstĂ€mmig, har pĂ„verkan pĂ„ samma intressenter och har nĂ€stan identiska krav för företagens inkludering i index. Likheten mellan indexen Ă€r i en applikation av branschspecifika viktning nĂ€r ett företag jĂ€mfört med sina gelikar inom samma bransch. I en frĂ„ga om metoder bĂ„de DJSI och FTSE4Good göra stora anstrĂ€ngningar för regelbundna revisioner och förbĂ€ttringar av det. Slutligen, bĂ„de DJSI och FTSE4Good betonar vikten av frivillig antagande av deras företags hĂ„llbarhetsnormer. Delvis matchning mellan indexen Ă€r i frĂ„gan om indikatorer och mĂ„l. Skillnader hittades i endast tvĂ„ kategorier sĂ„som tekniker och informationskĂ€llor indexen anvĂ€nder i bedömningsprocessen. Sammanfattningsvis, de tvĂ„ analyserade indexen, DJSI och FTSE4Good har mer liknande punkter i bedömningen av företagens hĂ„llbarhets Ă€n olikheter. Denna slutsats pekar pĂ„ en standardiseringsprocess i vilken de analyserade indexen gĂ„r mot likformighet av vissa aspekter av hĂ„llbarhetsbedömningar. Potentiella framtida analyser av de andra inflytelserika index och longitudinella data med tillĂ€mpning av samma begreppsmĂ€ssiga struktur kan utröna en bredare bild av utvecklingen av hĂ„llbarhetsstandarder

    MervÀrden som konkurrensmedel

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    This report describes how Swedish agricultural firms may work with value adding as a strategy, and how it might affect their profitability and competitiveness. It discusses what competencies are needed to succeed with value adding strategies and identifies what particular measures in improving the industry’s competencies could be taken to help agricultural firms to increase profitability and competitiveness with added value. A variety of value adding activities The report shows several different ways to work with added value, including changes in product properties, production methods, changes in identity of the products. There is also a dimension that regards the relationship between producer and customer through, for example, alternative distribution channels, of communication, or to adjust production to customer needs. Different types of added values are often combined. implying that there is rarely only one single added value offered to the consumer. Value adding strategies Firms may have different value adding strategies. These are reflected in the firms’ business models, which covers aspects on both the customer and the production side and the configuration of the value offer towards customers. Successful value adding strategies are characterized by that the firm: ‱ has identified a particular part of the market (a niche) with low competition ‱ focuses on one or few customer segments and/or distribution channels ‱ keeps a high product quality ‱ has effective production processes, good organisational and managerial competencies ‱ has well developed collaborations with other actors ‱ has market and marketing knowledge ‱ has strong relations with their customers ‱ has a strong identity and a brand that is associated with positive values ‱ has persistence in the process to adapt to a value adding strategy Firms do not need all these conditions fulfilled to be successful from a profitability perspective, but they are vital pre-requisites for the success. Activities to strengthen competencies in agricultural firms Competencies and capabilities in management, organisation and strategic focus is important to implement a successful value adding strategy. So are resources such as access to competent co-workers and physical resources, market and marketing knowledge, and the capability to, in an effective way, transform inputs into outputs. Generally, the firms in the study have very good knowledge in production, but request increased knowledge in management and organisation, as well as within market and marketing. Recommendations of measures on how to increase competencies on working with value adding strategies in agricultural firms are suggested
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