On the Oceanography of Makinson Inlet

On completion of observations in Nares Strait from the CCGS Louis S. St. Laurent during August 1971, the opportunity arose to make a quick reconnaissance in Makinson Inlet. This inlet ... provides a sea-level passage from the North Water area through the coast range of eastern Ellesmere Island .... However, nothing was known of its bathymetry or oceanography except for a line of soundings run by CCGS Labrador in 1966. Since all of the oceanographic party with the exception of the author had already left the ship, the investigation could only be superficial, but ... a few preliminary observations were made. ... On the way up the inlet a line of soundings was maintained and a series of shoreline photographs was taken. ... On the way down the inlet, 4 oceanographic stations were occupied and Knudsen bottle samples were taken for temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen content. Bathythermograph slides were also obtained. Since there is no sill in the main section of the inlet the classic fiord structure cannot develop and the results obtained indicate that the inlet, from the fork seaward, is from the oceanographic point of view merely a section of northern Baffin Bay. The T-S curves ... show that there are two main layers, one below 300 m and a second between 100 and 200 m These layers match those in northern Baffin Bay .... Above these in the upper 75 m or so the effects of melt water are apparent. Since the fresh water input is distributed down the full length of the inlet, the salinity at 10 m actually decreases to seaward by 0.98 per mil between Stations 1 and 4, but the gradient reverses when the salinity is integrated over the upper 75 m .... It must be stressed that the melt water effect is very short lived with the bulk of the run-off coming in a period-as short as 2 weeks. The dissolved oxygen content remains high (>6 ml/L) right to the bottom, another indication of identity with the water in Baffin Bay. A great deal of work is still needed to provide the comprehensive view of the oceanography of this inlet which is necessary before any regular use by shipping. The details of water exchange with Baffin Bay, the amount and duration of fresh water input from the numerous glaciers, the existence of a sill in the entrance to the North West Arm and the possibility of stagnant water behind it are some of the obvious lines of investigation in the future. ..

Physical Oceanographic Observations in Baffin Bay and Davis Strait

During February 1972, scientific personnel operating from the Louis S. St. Laurent obtained the first winter oceanographic temperature and salinity data from Baffin Bay. Six oceanographic stations were occupied: one in central Baffin Bay; a second in eastern Baffin Bay southeast of the first; and a cross-section of 4 stations in southern Davis Strait .... The temperature and salinity data were obtained using discrete samples from Knudsen bottles, equipped with deep-sea reversing thermometers, and an in situ recording salinity/temperature/depth unit (STD). Temperatures and salinities determined from the discrete water samples were used to calibrate the STD and correct it for drift, while the STD was used to detect fine structure in the vertical distributions of temperature and salinity. ... The temperatures presented ... were those obtained from the reversing thermometers. ... they are presented here in comparison with summer data from the same region .... While it is not possible to draw quantitative conclusions from the small amount of available information, it appears that the deep vertical distributions of temperature and salinity in central and southeastern Baffin Bay and Davis Strait may not undergo significant seasonal variation. Observed near-surface variations may be accounted for qualitatively by a combination of winter cooling, freezing and convective mixing and summer meltwater addition. The apparent constancy of flow through Davis Strait is of particular interest. It has been demonstrated that for sufficient heat to be present in the water column for prevention of ice formation in the open lead in northern Baffin Bay known as the North Water, northerly flow of warm water (>0°C) would have to be greater than observed during the summer months. That this does not appear to be the case strengthens the hypothesis... that the open water is due to a southward advection of ice by winds and currents rather than by heat from the water column preventing formation of the ice

The Life and Death of Barn Beetles: Faunas from Manure and Stored Hay inside Farm Buildings in Northern Iceland

This research was funded by the Commonwealth Scholarship Commission and received support from the Research Budget of the Department of Archaeology at the University of Aberdeen. This project was undertaken as part of doctoral studies supervised by Dr Karen Milek, to whom V.F. is especially grateful for her support and advice. Thomas Birch, Sigrún Inga Garðarsdóttir, and Paul Ledger provided invaluable assistance during fieldwork. V.F. would like to dedicate this paper to Tom and Sía, who met during this fieldwork and are getting married this year. Many people from Fornleifastofnun Íslands – Garðar Guðmundsson, Ólöf Þorsteinsdóttir, Þóra Pétursdóttir, Adolf Friðriksson and Uggi Ævarsson – as well as Unnstein Ingason, Ágústa Edwald, and Mark Young, helped with fieldwork logistics. Special thanks are due to all the Icelandic farmers and their families who kindly allowed us to collect insects on their farms and provided help when needed: Hermann Aðalsteinsson, Hermína Fjóla Ingólfsdóttir, Guðmundur Skúlason, Sigrún Á. Franzdóttir, Dúna Magnúsdóttir, Sverrir Steinbergsson, Valgeir Þorvaldsson, Reynir Sveinsson, Jónas Þór Ingólfsson, and Ívar Ólafsson. Eva Panagiotakopulu, Jan Klimaszewski, Ales Smetana, Georges Pelletier, Gabor Pozsgai, and Jenni Stockham helped with some of the beetle identifications. A.J.D. acknowledges the support of National Science Foundation through ARC 1202692. Consultation of the BugsCEP database (Buckland & Buckland, 2006) aided the redaction of this paper. The authors would like to thank David Smith and two anonymous reviewers for insightful comments that helped improve the quality of this paper.Peer reviewedPostprin

Psychology and aggression

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68264/2/10.1177_002200275900300301.pd