What’s a threat on social media? How Black and Latino Chicago young men define and navigate threats online

Youth living in violent urban neighborhoods increasingly post messages online from urban street corners. The decline of the digital divide and the proliferation of social media platforms connect youth to peer communities who may share experiences with neighborhood stress and trauma. Social media can also be used for targeted retribution when threats and insults are directed at individuals or groups. Recent research suggests that gang-involved youth may use social media to brag, post fight videos, insult, and threaten—a phenomenon termed Internet banging. In this article, we leverage “code of the digital street” to understand how and in what ways social media facilitates urban-based youth violence. We utilize qualitative interviews from 33 Black and Latino young men who frequent violence prevention programs and live in violent neighborhoods in Chicago. Emerging themes describe how and why online threats are conceptualized on social media. Implications for violence prevention and criminal investigations are discussed

A US hospital budget impact analysis of a skin closure system compared with standard of care in hip and knee arthroplasty.

Background: Medicare\u27s mandatory bundle for hip and knee arthroplasty necessitates provider accountability for quality and cost of care to 90 days, and wound closure may be a key area of consideration. The DERMABOND Methods: A 90-day economic model was developed assuming 500 annual hip/knee arthroplasties for a typical US hospital setting. In current practice, wound closure methods for the final skin layer were set to 50% sutures and 50% staples. In future practice, this distribution shifted to 20% sutures, 20% staples, and 60% Skin Closure System. Health care resources included materials (eg, staplers, steri-strips, and traditional/barbed sutures), standard or premium dressings, outpatient visits, and home care visits. An Expert Panel, comprised of three orthopedic physician assistants, two orthopedic surgeons, and a home health representative, was used to inform several model parameters. Other inputs were informed by national data or literature. Unit costs were based on list prices in 2016 US dollars. Uncertainty in the model was explored through one-way sensitivity and alternative scenario analyses. Results: The analysis predicted that use of Skin Closure System in the future practice could achieve cost savings of $56.70 to$79.62 per patient, when standard or premium wound dressings are used, respectively. This translated to an annual hospital budgetary savings ranging from $28,349 to$39,809 when assuming 500 arthroplasties. Dressing materials and postoperative health care visits were key model drivers. Conclusions: Use of the Skin Closure System may provide cost savings within hip and knee arthroplasties due to decreases in resource utilization in the postacute care setting

Influence of micro-scale uncertainties on the reliability of fibre-matrix composites

Acknowledgements This work was supported by the University of Aberdeen Elphinstone scholarship scheme.Peer reviewedPostprin

Multi-scale Reliability-Based Design Optimisation Framework for Fibre-Reinforced Composite Laminates

Acknowledgements This work was supported by the University of Aberdeen Elphinstone scholarship scheme.Peer reviewedPostprin

Multiscale surrogate-based framework for reliability analysis of unidirectional FRP composites

This work was supported by the University of Aberdeen Elphinstone scholarship scheme.Peer reviewedPostprin

Dirty Work, Clean Hands: The Moral Psychology of Indirect Agency

When powerful people cause harm, they often do so indirectly through other people. Are harmful actions carried out through others evaluated less negatively than harmful actions carried out directly? Four experiments examine the moral psychology of indirect agency. Experiments 1A, 1B, and 1C reveal effects of indirect agency under conditions favoring intuitive judgment, but not reflective judgment, using a joint/separate evaluation paradigm. Experiment 2A demonstrates that effects of indirect agency cannot be fully explained by perceived lack of foreknowledge or control on the part of the primary agent. Experiment 2B indicates that reflective moral judgment is sensitive to indirect agency, but only to the extent that indirectness signals reduced foreknowledge and/or control. Experiment 3 indicates that effects of indirect agency result from a failure to automatically consider the potentially dubious motives of agents who cause harm indirectly. Experiment 4 demonstrates an effect of indirect agency on purchase intentions.Psycholog

Toward Indigenous visions of nature-based solutions: an exploration into Canadian federal climate policy

Political traction for nature-based solutions is rapidly growing as governments recognize their role in addressing the simultaneous climate and biodiversity crises. While there has been recognition of the role of Indigenous Peoples in nature-based solutions, there has also been limited academic review on their relationship. This paper explores how the Government of Canada’s conceptualization of nature-based solutions either support or prevent Indigenous sustainable self-determination. Drawing on past policy frameworks, we construct a novel four-dimensional sustainable self-determination policy lens focused on: Indigenous knowledge systems; Indigenous jurisdiction over land; the full and effective participation of Indigenous Peoples; and Indigenous Peoples as rights-holders to review a total of nine federal climate policy, planning, and science documents. Our analysis shows that while there is growing recognition of Indigenous rights, inclusion of Indigenous knowledge, and commitments to include the participation of Indigenous Peoples in the implementation of certain climate activities, there is a clear unwillingness to recognize Indigenous jurisdiction and Indigenous understandings of land as systems of reciprocal relations. Reframing nature-based solutions in the context of Canadian and international climate policy is essential not only to advance the self-determination of Indigenous Peoples, but also to create the ceremonial ground for Indigenous visions of nature-based solutions in order to address these joint crises

COMPARATIVE STANDARDIZATION OF MARKETED FORMULATIONS OF FERMENTED BIOMEDICINE – ARJUNARISTHA

Ayurvedic formulations have proved to be effective in the prevention and treatment of many life-threatening diseases. Asavas and Arishtas have been used as medicine for over 3000 years as appetizer and stimulant. In the present study 6 different marketed brands (Two having different batches) of Arjunarishta were thoroughly evaluated for their organoleptic characteristics and physicochemical parameters, to establish a routine procedure for standardization of these Ayurvedic formulations. The organoleptic tests performed include colour, odour and taste whereas the physicochemical parameters evaluated were pH, Refractive index, Specific gravity, Viscosity, density, surface tension, Water-soluble extractive, Alcohol-soluble extractive Acid value, Alcohol content, by distillation and  dichromate oxidation method, Total solid content, Total phenol content, In present communication, a TLC method was developed for the evaluation of Arjunarishta  by quantitative estimation of major compound gallic acid and ellagic acid