Fluid segmentation in Neutrosophic domain

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) as retina imaging technology is currently used by ophthalmologist as a non-invasive and non-contact method for diagnosis of agerelated degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME) diseases. Fluid regions in OCT images reveal the main signs of AMD and DME. In this paper, an efficient and fast clustering in neutrosophic (NS) domain referred as neutrosophic C-means is adapted for fluid segmentation. For this task, a NCM cost function in NS domain is adapted for fluid segmentation and then optimized by gradient descend methods which leads to binary segmentation of OCT Bscans to fluid and tissue regions. The proposed method is evaluated in OCT datasets of subjects with DME abnormalities. Results showed that the proposed method outperforms existing fluid segmentation methods by 6% in dice coefficient and sensitivity criteria

Speaker Recognition Using Convolutional Neural Network and Neutrosophic

Speaker recognition is a process of recognizing persons based on their voice which is widely used in many applications. Although many researches have been performed in this domain, there are some challenges that have not been addressed yet. In this research, Neutrosophic (NS) theory and convolutional neural networks (CNN) are used to improve the accuracy of speaker recognition systems. To do this, at first, the spectrogram of the signal is created from the speech signal and then transferred to the NS domain. In the next step, the alpha correction operator is applied repeatedly until reaching constant entropy in subsequent iterations. Finally, a convolutional neural networks architecture is proposed to classify spectrograms in the NS domain. Two datasets TIMIT and Aurora2 are used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The precision of the proposed method on two datasets TIMIT and Aurora2 are 93.79% and 95.24%, respectively, demonstrating that the proposed model outperforms competitive models

The incidence of mTOR marker in tracheal adenoid cystic carcinoma by immunohistochemical staining

Introduction: There is an association between the activation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and aggressive tumor growth in multiple forms of cancer, including adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC). ACCs are uncommon yet a malignant form of neoplasms that arises within the secretory glands. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the increase of mTOR in the ACC tumors in order to survey the possibility of treating these tumors with mTOR inhibitors.Material and methods: Samples from known cases of the lung and tracheal ACC were retrieved from the archives of the pa-thology department of Masih Daneshvari hospital, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for mTOR was performed on them. After preparation of the blocks with specific antibodies, tumor cells with cytoplasmic and/or nuclear expression of mTOR were considered as positive cells by applying a specific scoring method introduced in this study.Results: The paraffin blocks of 26 patients were surveyed and the IHC marker of mTOR was positive in the tumors of 10 patients (38.5%). Out of 10 mTOR positive cases, 5 were females and 5 were males. The primary site of the surveyed tumors was the trachea and bronchus in 12 cases (46%), salivary glands in 7 individuals (27%), and lung tissue in 7 cases (27%), and there was no significant correlation between the primary site of the ACC tumors and the existence of the mTOR markers in them (P = 0.67). From all cases, 13 patients (50%) had cribriform and tubular cells without solid components, 9 cases (34.6%) had cribriform and tubular with less than 30% of solid components, and 4 cases (15.4%) had cribriform and tubular cells with more than 30% of solid com-ponents. There was no significant difference between the morphologies and the existence of mTOR markers in them (P = 0.741). Conclusions: As the incidence of mTOR markers is seen in patients with tracheal ACC, evaluation and scoring of mTOR in these persons can be helpful as further studies can distinguish the use of it in the treatment of the disease.

Ectopic expression of miRNA-21 and miRNA-205 in non-small cell lung cancer

This research is a part of the efforts of the professors and colleagues of Masih Daneshvari Hospital of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Mashhad Medical Sciences University. All involved are sincerely thanked.Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Clinical Significance and Different Expression of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV and Procalcitonin in Mild and Severe COVID-19

Background: Coronavirus has become a global concern in 2019-20. The virus belongs to the coronavirus family, which has been able to infect many patients and victims around the world. The virus originated in the Chinese city of Wuhan, which eventually spread around the world and became a pandemic. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 Patients with severe (n=30) and mild (n=30) symptoms of COIVD-19 were included in this study. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the patients. Real-time PCR was used to compare the relative expression levels of Procalcitonin and dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) in a patient with severe and mild Covid-19 infection. Results: Procalcitonin and dipeptidyl peptidase IV markers in the peripheral blood of patients with severe symptoms, were positive in 29 (96.60%) and 26 (86.60%), respectively (n=30); however, positive rates in the mild symptoms patients group were 27 (90%) and 25 (83.30%), respectively. There was a statistically significant difference between these two groups in terms of DDPIV and Procalcitonin (p<0.001). Conclusion: Procalcitonin and DPPIV increase in patients with COVID-19 infection, significantly higher in the patients with more severe clinical symptoms than those with milder ones. More studies will be needed to verify the reliability of the current findings. Keywords: Procalcitonin, DPPIV, Severe symptoms, Mild symptoms, COVID-1

The Challenges of Criminal Law with regard to Athletes’ Violence in Soccer

In recent years, the different fields of sports, especially the soccer, have stepped away from the real purpose of doing sport including keeping healthy body and having fun; instead, it has turned into violence and far-reaching conflicts. History of soccer is full of aggressive and sorrowful scenes which are less than consistent with the goals and functions of this field of sport. In this regard, available statistics considering the incidence of this abnormal phenomenon in soccer indicate that criminal law has confronted with some challenges which deprived it of using its all power and tools to fight against violence in sport. It has been attempted in this article to differentiate the legal and illegal violence and state each characteristics while it has been also tried to clarify the obstacles and problems of criminal law in fighting against athletes’ violence in soccer

Automatic Speaker Recognition based on Gabor Features and Convolutional Neural Networks

Human voice contains characteristics such as: ethnicity, gender, feelings, age and other information, and speaker recognition identifies people based on their voice. Although researchers have worked in this area over the years and provide methods to improve the speaker recognition accuracy, there are still challenges. In this paper, a new speaker recognition method is proposed based on Gabor filter bank and convolutional neural networks. At first, spectrogram of the speech signal is formed and then, effective Gabor filter bank is designed so that these filters are suitable for extracting effective features of the speech signal. In the next step, spectrogram of the signal is passed through the Gabor filter bank to extract the speech signal features. Finally, speaker recognition is done using a convolutional neural network. Two datasets Aurora2 and TIMIT are used to evaluate the proposed method. Results show that the accuracy of the proposed method is competitive with the state-of-the-art methods

Pathology of Islamic Society based on Islamic Teachings: A Case Study for Preventing Bribery

The present study with a descriptive and analytical method and based on divine-islamic teachings, endeavors to offer some strategies to prevent bribery as one of the Islamic society’s problems. It is based on examining three features of guidance, wisdom, and satisfaction and consideration prominent areas of human conduct: Self-discovery, self-awareness, self-importance and self-efficiency. According to the proposed strategy, a person in the arena of self - awareness considers four points as the fundamental beliefs , attitudes , and their action in dealing with the issue of bribery , and will take them into account in self-denial: 1. Satisfying the needs of other people in the framework of the divine laws and blessings which has good results in the World and the hereafter; 2. Earning money has certain rules is important and in achieving this, spiritual affairs are of higher value; 3 . According to legal and rational reasons, Bribery caused the emergence of discrimination, injustice and distrust to the Islamic State 4. And interests that are accrued through bribery will be spent on unpleasant issues. Violation of the divine law in order to gain money which is not in step with the God satisfaction will be spent on undesirable and illegitimate things

مقارنة الذکاء الروحي بین ذوي أنماط الهویة المختلفة

سابقه و هدف: امروزه هوش معنوی از مهم‌ترین مباحثی است که در تمامی ابعاد سلامت انسان مطرح شده است و نقش پررنگی دارد. برخورداري از هوش معنوي بالا به كادرهاي درماني كمك می‌كند تا به خدماتي كه به بيماران و جامعه ارائه می‌دهند، با معنی و هدفمند بنگرند. مطالعۀ حاضر با هدف مقایسۀ هوش معنوی دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شیراز با توجه به سبک­های هویت صورت گرفته است. روش کار: این پژوهش مطالعه‌ای مقطعی از نوع علّی-مقایسه­اي است. در پژوهش حاضر 693 نفر از دانشجویان دانشگاه علوم‌ پزشکی شیراز در سال 1399 به‌روش نمونه­گیري خوشه­ای چندمرحله­ای انتخاب شدند. جهت ارزیابی سبک­های هویت از پرسش‌نامۀ هویت برزونسکی و برای سنجش هوش معنوی از پرسش‌نامۀ هوش معنوی کینگ استفاده شد. داده‌ها پس از جمع­آوري با استفاده از تحلیل واریانس یک‌راهه و آزمون تعقیبی شفه تجزيه‌وتحليل شد. در این پژوهش همۀ موارد اخلاقی رعایت شده است و مؤلفان تضاد منافعی گزارش نکرده‌اند. یافته‌ها: نتایج نشان داد نمرات هوش معنوی در دانشجویانی که دارای سبک هویتی اطلاعاتی بودند به‌طور معناداری بالاتر از سبک­های هنجاری و اجتنابی بود. همچنین بین دو گروه دانشجویان با سبک هویتی هنجاری و اجتنابی در متغیّر هوش معنوی تفاوت معنادار وجود داشت و نمرات هوش معنوی در دانشجویان با سبک هویتی هنجاری به‌طور معناداری بالاتر از گروهی بود که سبک هویتی اجتنابی داشتند. نتیجه‌گیری: سبک هویت از‌ عوامل مهم در بررسی هوش معنوی است؛ ازاین‌رو توجه به سبک­های هویت دانشجویان می­تواند در افزایش هوش معنوی آنان تأثیرگذار باشد.Background and Objective: Today, spiritual intelligence is one of the most critical issues in all aspects of human health and has a significant role. Having high spiritual intelligence helps medical staff look meaningfully and purposefully at the services they provide to patients and the community. This study aimed to compare the spiritual intelligence of Shiraz medical students in terms of identity styles. Methods: In this cross-sectional and causal-comparative study, 693 students of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences were selected by multistage cluster sampling in 2020. Berzonski's identity questionnaire was used to assess identity styles, and King's spiritual intelligence questionnaire was used to assess spiritual intelligence. In this study, all the ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests. Results: The results showed that spiritual intelligence scores in students with information identity styles are significantly higher compared to the students with normative and avoidant styles. There was also a significant difference between the two groups of students with normative and avoidant identity styles in the variable of spiritual intelligence. The scores of spiritual intelligence in students with normative identity styles were significantly higher than those of the group with avoidant identity style. Conclusion: Identity style is one of the essential factors in examining spiritual intelligence. Therefore, paying attention to students' identity styles can effectively increase their spiritual intelligence.خلفية البحث وأهدافه: اصبحت مسألة الذکاء الروحي في العصر الراهن من أبرز البحوث المتعلقة بصحة الإنسان لما لها من دور حاسم في الصحة العامة. فامتلاك الذکاء الروحي العالي یساعد العاملین في الأطقم الطبیة علی تقدیم خدمات طبیة مرموقة للمرضی وأفراد المجتمع بشکل عام. ونظرا لهذه الأهمیة، تهدف هذه الدراسة مقارنة الذکاء الروحي لدی طلاب جامعة شیراز الطبیة من منظور أنماط الهویة المختلفة في عام 2020م. منهجية البحث: المنهجیة التي اعتمدتها الدراسة هي دراسة مقطعیة من نوع السببیة - التقارنیة. فقد تم اختيار 693 طالباً من بین طلاب جامعة شیراز الطبیة عبر منهجیة أخذ العینات العنقودیة متعددة المراحل. ولتقییم أنماط الهویة، اعتمدت الدراسة علی استبیان الهویة لدی برزونسکي؛ کما اعتمدت استبیان کنیغ للذکاء الروحي لتقییم الذکاء الروحي لدی المشاکین في الدراسة. تم تحلیل البیانات وتجزئتها باستخدام تحلیل التباین الأحادي والإختبار التعقیبي شافه (Sheffe). تمت مراعاة جمیع الموارد الأخلاقیة في هذا البحث وإضافة إلی ذلك فإن مؤلفي البحث لم یشیروا إلی أيّ تضارب في المصالح. المعطیات: ظهرت النتائج أن درجات الذکاء الروحي لدی الطلاب الذین یتمتعون بأنماط هویة معلوماتیة، أعلی بکثیر من درجات أنماط الهویة المعیاریة الإجتنابیة. کما أن هناك اختلاف کبیر بین مجموعتي الطلاب ذوي أنماط الهویة المعیاریة الإجتنابیة في ما یتعلق بعامل الذکاء الروحي. وأن درجات الذکاء الروحي لدی الطلاب ذوي أنماط الهویة المعیاریة أعلی بکثیر من فئة الطلاب ذوي أنماط الهویة الإجتنابیة. الاستنتاج: انماط الهویة من ضمن الأسباب والمؤثرات الحاسمة في تقییم الذکاء الروحي. لذلك فإن الإهتمام بانماط الهویة لدی طلاب الجامعات یمکن أن یؤثر بشکل إیجابي وبنّاء علی رفع مستوی الذکاء الروحي لدی هذه الشریحة الإجتماعیة