Bovine Science - A Key to Sustainable Development

Since the beginning of civilization, humans and animals have developed very strong associations to their mutual benefits. Livestock, particularly bovines, are important contributors to total food production in the world. The social expectations in Science and Technology are increasing because of rapid advances. Prevention and control of infectious diseases in bovines have been among the top-most public health objective in the last decade. In the present book, experts from different continents present important aspects of bovine science such as louse infestations of ruminants, cytogenetics of bovines, factors of competitiveness for bovines, feed manipulation, enhancement of conjugated linoleic acid and its bioavailability, emergence of antimicrobial resistance, and also meat quality. The aim of this book to provide an understanding of the present scenario, advances and challenges in bovine science

Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci isolated from Bovine Mastitis

The study was carried out to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci isolated from Bovine Mastitis in and around Dharwad region. A total of 310 samples were screened and 180 confirmed Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci were obtained. The antimicrobial susceptibility of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci against 10 antimicrobial agents was tested using the disc diffusion method. The highest numbers of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci were susceptible to ceftriaxone 83.88% followed by cefotaxime 79.41%, methicillin 76.47%, ciprofloxacin 73.52%, erythromycin 70.05%, amikacin 66.11%, gentamycin 42.94%, amoxicillin 36.76%, ampicillin 29.41%, and the lowest susceptibility was shown in penicillin 23.23% . The results indicated that the increase in prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of the Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci isolated from bovine mastitis exhibited the highest degree of susceptible to ceftriaxone of all the tested antimicrobial agents. [Vet. World 2011; 4(4.000): 158-161

Assessment of Physico-chemical and Microbiological parameters of Kotur

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Evidence for a GPR18 Role in Chemotaxis, Proliferation, and the Course of Wound Closure in the Cornea

PURPOSE: We previously showed that cannabinoid-related GPR18 receptors are present in murine corneal epithelium but their function remains unknown. The related CB1 receptors regulate corneal healing, possibly via chemotaxis. We therefore examined a potential role for GPR18 in corneal epithelial chemotaxis and wound healing. METHODS: We examined GPR18 mRNA and protein expression in cornea. We additionally examined the GPR18 action in cultured bovine corneal epithelial cells (bCECs) using Boyden and tracking assays, as well as proliferation and signaling. Finally, we examined wound closure in murine corneal explants. RESULTS: GPR18 mRNA was upregulated with injury in mouse cornea. GPR18 protein was present in basal epithelial cells of the mouse and cow, and redistributed to the wound site upon injury. GPR18 ligand N-arachidonoylglycine (NAGly) induced bCEC chemotaxis. The endocannabinoid arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) also induced chemotaxis via fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) mediated metabolism to NAGly. GPR18 receptor activation additionally induced bCEC proliferation. In an explant model, the GPR18 antagonist O1918 slowed corneal epithelial cell migration and the rate of corneal wound closure. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal GPR18 activation induced both chemotaxis and proliferation in CECs in vitro, and impacted wound healing. GPR18 may contribute to the maintenance of corneal integrity